por Fernando Astete. While the archaeological site … [94], The opening sequence of the film Aguirre, the Wrath of God (1972) was shot in the Machu Picchu area and on the stone stairway of Huayna Picchu. It was honestly the most fantastic experience. Most animal bones found were from llamas and alpacas. The Peruano Suiza Clinic in Cusco offers PCR and Rapid Antigen tests for travelers returning to the US or other countries. Buy Machu Picchu + Museum.Just want to visit the main part of Machu Picchu? In 2006, Yale returned some pieces but kept the rest, claiming this was supported by federal case law of Peruvian antiquities. Stone stairways set in the walls allowed access to the different levels across the site. The Historic and Natural Sanctuary of Machu Picchu became the first wonder of the world and the first international tourist destination to obtain the carbon neutral certificate. [33] Updated 2018 edition. Within the temple is a 1.2 m by 2.7 m rock platform, smooth on top except for a small platform on its southwest quadrant. [50] The location of the city was a military secret, and its deep precipices and steep mountains provided natural defenses. Our owner and all of our staff are local to Peru and [44]: 107, 119 Animal, liquid and dirt sacrifices to the gods were more common, made at the Altar of the Condor. Experience the colorful traditions of this Andean region, the untouched nature, ancient cultures, culinary delicacies and the rich in … BUY HERE. The availability of Machu Picchu tickets for the following year (2022) is officially on sale in mid-December and January 2021. Discover the mysterious Inca Empire, as you travel through time to the spectacular Machu Picchu, suspended in the sky. The hillsides leading to it were terraced, to provide more farmland to grow crops and to steepen the slopes that invaders would have to ascend. [78][79][80][81] UNESCO received criticism for allowing tourists at the location given high risks of landslides, earthquakes and injury due to decaying structures. It is not common that the tickets to Machu Picchu sold out, first of all, make sure there are no tickets for the day you want, remember that from 2019 the entrance type changed, now the tickets are sell for a specific time or hour. [23], During its use as a royal estate, it is estimated that about 750 people lived there, with most serving as support staff (yanaconas, yana)[18][page needed][24] who lived there permanently. Our motto is: "Small Groups & Big Adventures.". First published in the 1950s, this is a classic account of the discovery in 1911 of the lost city of Machu Picchu. The Incas were masters of this technique, called ashlar, in which blocks of stone are cut to fit together tightly without mortar. Excavation and soil analyses done by Kenneth Wright[30][31][32] in the 1990s showed that the terraces were built in layers, with a bottom layer of larger stones covered by loose gravel. History seeking. Nestled high in the slopes of the Andes, the ruins of Machu Picchu continue to reveal the mysteries of the Inca Empire. He consulted Carlos Romero, one of the chief historians in Lima who showed him helpful references and Father Antonio de la Calanchaâs Chronicle of the Augustinians. Machu Picchu [ˌmɑtʃu ˈpiktʃu] (Quechua Machu Pikchu, deutsch alter Gipfel) ist eine gut erhaltene Ruinenstadt in Peru.Die Inka erbauten die Stadt im 15. Start planning now August 20th, 2019 • 2 min read. The stonework is of ashlar quality. In particular, Ramos thought Vitcos was "near a great white rock over a spring of fresh water." What's left of Machu Picchu stands as the most significant link to the marvelous Inca civilization of Peru. Part of the ancient Inca Trail (a popular pursuit in Peru to Machu Picchu) also runs through Ecuador. However, you’ll be rewarded with fantastic views once you get to the top. This is one of the most challenging parts of the Inca Trail as it’s almost 1,000 metres of uphill walking to get to this point. Alcohol and smoking isn’t a good idea as it can agitate you and make you feel a lot worse. Includes a description of the Inca trail leading to Machu Picchu, history and advice for travelers, interactive maps, and photographs of noteworthy places. In English. Please enable your Javascript to see this page as it is meant to appear! BUY HERE. To prepare for trekking at high altitudes we recommend you start to prepare a few weeks before. Our travellers are our best advocates, and they frequently recommend our specialist travel services to friends, colleagues and family when planning a trip to our region. We recommend that you make your trip with a travel agency, to avoid any inconvenience. There are people who make mistakes when it comes to buying. The Popular District, or Residential District, is the place where the lower-class people lived. Because of the vegetation, Bingham was not able to observe the full extent of the site. During this time the sun is strong in the day, but once it goes down or you spend much time in the shade, it can get very cold. Return through the lower part of Machu Picchu. This is an all-in-one guide for a hiking holiday in Peru on the Inca Trail. [24] Most skeletal remains found at the site had lower levels of arthritis and bone fractures than those found in most sites of the Inca Empire. One prominent artifact was a set of 15th-century, ceremonial Incan knives made from bismuth bronze; they are the earliest known artifact containing this alloy. Now that Machu Picchu entry tickets are officially available, we can also get permits for the 1-day Inca Trail for anyone who wants to hike to Machu Picchu in 2021. BUY HERE. INCA TRAIL TICKETS MACHUPICCHU. You can get your passport stamped whether you are coming from the Inca Trail or from the same train to Machu Picchu. The two-day trek is well worth it and far more rewarding than simply taking the train all the way there as you can pause to enjoy your beautiful surroundings before ascending to the ruins. [74] In 2018, plans were restarted to again construct a cable car to encourage Peruvians to visit Machu Picchu and boost domestic tourism. [68] The approach to moving and placing the enormous stones remains uncertain, probably involving hundreds of men to push the stones up inclines. The coldest months in Cusco are from May to July. The trek isn’t dangerous. But if you want to hike Huayna Picchu you have to harry up! The trail is made of stone steps. Machu Picchu is both a cultural and natural UNESCO World Heritage Site. [90] In 2007, Peru and Yale had agreed on a joint traveling exhibition and construction of a new museum and research center in Cusco advised by Yale. Visit to Huchuy Picchu Mountain (which is the small mountain in front of Huayna Picchu). like-minded travelers who share a love for exploring new The Salkantay Trek to Machu Picchu is an alternative to 1-Day Inca Trail. Tickets for Machu Picchu Mountain are now also within a timeframe of when you can begin – which is between 9-10 AM. In the following table you can see the demand for Machu Picchu. Only 500 people are allowed on the trail each day, including porters and guides. According to Bingham, "one old prospector said there were interesting ruins at Machu Picchu," though his statements "were given no importance by the leading citizens." The Salkantay Trek is widely considered to be the best, most scenic alternative to the Inca Trail, which is often sold out months in advance. For most speakers of English or Spanish, the first 'c' in Picchu is silent. [67] Multiple canals and reserves throughout the city provided water that could be supplied to the terraces for irrigation and to prevent erosion and flooding. When you arrive at the Machu Picchu Station (town of Machu Picchu) on the PeruRail Vistadome train, go to the Bus Station to buy a bus ticket that will take you to the Machu Picchu citadel.The ride is approximately 25 minutes long. Bingham found the name AgustÃn Lizárraga and the date 1902 written in charcoal on one of the walls. Machu Picchu lies in the southern hemisphere, 13.111 degrees south of the equator. Bingham focused on Machu Picchu because of its fine Inca stonework and well-preserved nature, which had lain undisturbed since the site was abandoned. fascinating archeological and historical sites, as well [28] On top of the gravel was a layer of mixed sand and gravel packed together, with rich topsoil covering all of that. On this day, noble boys were initiated into manhood by an ear-piercing ritual as they stood inside the cave and watched the sunrise. Machu Picchu tickets 2021 - 2022 can be booked online on the Ministry of Culture website or we can help you to book it. [40][41], Although local institutions initially welcomed the exploration, they soon accused Bingham of legal and cultural malpractice. If you're an active senior, you can take a one-day Inca Trail hike to Machu Picchu, said Jacquie Whitt, co-founder of Adios Adventure Travel, which organizes trips … Buy Machu Picchu + Mountain.You like Museums? Whether you travel with a small group of like-minded adventurers, or an intimate party of family and friends, our full-time staff is on call around the clock, ready at any time to provide you with everything you need for the journey of a lifetime. Easy Covid Testing for US-Bound Travelers Going to Machu Picchu US-Bound travlers returning from Peru will find this info useful. INCA TRAIL TICKETS MACHUPICCHU. [18][page needed], Animals are also suspected to have migrated to Machu Picchu as there were several bones found that were not native to the area. We are a licensed Tour Company. You can, however, schedule a second visit to the citadel on the next day. Most of the outlying buildings have been reconstructed in order to give visitors a better idea of how they originally appeared. It is located in the Machupicchu District within Urubamba Province above the Sacred Valley, which is 80 kilometers (50 mi) northwest of Cuzco.The Urubamba River flows past it, cutting through the Cordillera and creating a canyon with a tropical … to Machu Picchu winds its way up and down and around the care about its environment, people and culture. This may not be a coincidence, according to 2019 research: "One simple answer, researchers now suggest, is that thatâs where building materials for the site â large amounts of already fractured rock â were readily available. The expedition undertook a four-month clearing of the site with local labor, which was expedited with the support of the Prefect of Cuzco. We know every individual is unique, which is why our travel specialists take the time to understand what kind of adventure you are looking to experience to ensure we deliver the trip of a lifetime. 1420-1532. You can get your passport stamped whether you are coming from the Inca Trail or from the same train to Machu Picchu. It was used for rites or sacrifices. THE VOYAGER PREMIUM & LOUNGE . OFFICIAL INCA TRAIL. Machu Picchu features wet humid summers and dry frosty winters, with the majority of the annual rain falling from October through to March.[48]. There are 3 popular treks to Machu Picchu, each of which we will discuss further below, in no particular order: 1. For the other months you can book it a few months in advance, but don’t take it lightly and book it in advance. Many of the articles were exhibited at Yale's Peabody Museum. [70] They congregate at Cusco before starting on the one-, two-, four- or five-day journey on foot from kilometer 82 (or 77 or 85, four/five-day trip) or kilometer 104 (one/two-day trip) near the town of Ollantaytambo in the Urubamba valley, walking up through the Andes to the isolated city. The terraces received so much rain that they were built by Incan engineers specifically to allow for ample drainage of the extra water. Choose VISIT DATE and put number of adults and child. © 2020 Copyright: Dirección Desconcentrada de Cultura Cusco Área Funcional de Informática y Telecomunicaciones It is one of the best ways to remember your magical trip to the citadel. [42] Landowners began to demand rent from the excavators. Forty years later, this ground-breaking guide has been updated to include classic treks through all the great mountain ranges of Peru. When do Machu Picchu tickets become available for 2022? 12. The tickets that sell out quickly are those that combine Machu Picchu + Huayna Picchu, also the classic 4-day Inca Trail to Machu Picchu. Education and conservation are our passion. In 1909, returning from the Pan-American Scientific Congress in Santiago, he travelled through Peru and was invited to explore the Inca ruins at Choqquequirau in the ApurÃmac Valley. THE FULL EXPERIENCE . (Batievsky 100)[43] ) Local press perpetuated the accusations, claiming that the excavation harmed the site and deprived local archeologists of knowledge about their own history. All-in-one guide for hiking the Inca Trail. Includes Lima and Cusco city guides, route guide and maps for Inca Trail, Choquequirao, Santa Teresa routes plus the Lares Trek and the Ausangate Circuit. Full Machu Picchu guide. With a focus on But if you are planning on taking the train as a day trip then January isn’t bad. operators. This book describes the joys and struggles she experienced along that path, high in the Andes Mountains, and the life lessons she learned along the journey. This is the most up-to-date book on visiting Machu Picchu, Cusco, and the Sacred Valley available, period. V!VA is the one guide you'll need to get the most out of your trip to Machu Picchu and the Inca empire. peaks, distant rivers and ranges, and cloud forests A few stones have knobs that could have been used to lever them into position; the knobs were generally sanded away, with a few overlooked. History seeking. Find what to do today, this weekend, or in November. Blanc Circuit Sept 2022 Aug 2023 Sept 2023; Provence Hiking Tour Sept 2022 Sept 2023; Galapagos Small Yacht Cruise April 2022; Deluxe African Safari Zimbabwe Aug 2022; Contact This ticket is $75 per person. No matter the type of traveler—history buff, adventurer, or foodie—Peru offers a myriad of activities to satisfy every appetite. Bingham organized another expedition in 1912 to undertake major clearing and excavation. The best alternative trek is considered to be Salkantay, which offers a real adventure and fantastic scenery. You don’t need a permit for the Salkantay trek. OFFICIAL INCA TRAIL. [18][page needed], Much of the farming done at Machu Picchu was done on its hundreds of man-made terraces. [38] As was the case with Machu Picchu, the site was so heavily overgrown that Bingham could only note a few of the buildings. Travel by Train to Machu Picchu with Inca Rail . And, according to Time magazine, Peru's Inca Trail to Machupicchu is perhaps the world's greatest hike because it combines the best of both types of travel: a four-to-five day walk to the spectacular lost city of Machupicchu that goes through snowcapped Andes Mountains and … The Incas never used wheels in a practical way, although their use in toys shows that they knew the principle. Currently only 4 are available, the ones described above. Only 500 people are allowed on the trail each day, including porters and guides. General Ticket Prices for Foreign Tourists. The highest part of the Inca Trail is Dead Woman’s Pass, which is 4,200 masl. En route, Bingham asked local people to show them Inca ruins, especially any place described as having a white rock over a spring. Approximately 200 buildings are arranged on wide parallel terraces around an eastâwest central square. No, be sure to enter your data correctly, and do not forget to bring your passport to enter the citadel. Humantay Lake is most commonly accessed with the Salkantay Trek, a four-day journey to Machu Picchu. In the 1970s, Burger and Asaro determined that these obsidian samples were from the Titicaca or Chivay obsidian source, and that the samples from Machu Picchu showed long-distance transport of this obsidian type in pre-Hispanic Peru. This is information by the official website of the Ministry of Culture of Peru. The first mountain is called Huyana Picchu, the second one — Machu Picchu, which is visited by the tourists much less. Travel by Train to Machu Picchu with Inca Rail . Blanc Circuit Sept 2022 Aug 2023 Sept 2023; Provence Hiking Tour Sept 2022 Sept 2023; Galapagos Small Yacht Cruise April 2022; Deluxe African Safari Zimbabwe Aug 2022; Contact Excavation started in 1912 with further excavation undertaken in 1914 and 1915. Although the city has much to The 7 Day Salkantay - Inca Trail offers tourists the chance to enjoy a mix of both the Salkantay Trek and the Inca Trail combined. Yale acknowledged Peru's title to all the objects, but would share rights with Peru in the research collection, part of which would remain at Yale for continuing study. [36] The next day, 24 July, Arteaga led Bingham and Sergeant Carrasco across the river on a log bridge and up the Machu Picchu site. lavender, red and turquoise towering into the sky. Provides information about Machu Picchu, including such facts as the lack of an Incan writing system and that the whole structure was built without mortar. During your first 2 days you should take things easy. [44] However, there is evidence that retainers were sacrificed to accompany a deceased noble in the afterlife. [93] The artifacts are permanently exhibited at the Museo Machu Picchu, La Casa Concha ("The Shell House"), close to Cusco's colonial center. This 2011 edition has been released for the centenery of Bingham's "discovery" of Machu Picchu. It contains everything you need to plan and enjoy hiking a choice of three Inca Trails to Machu Picchu in Peru. You’ll then spend the morning in Machu Picchu before heading down for lunch, a brief rest or walk around the town, and then the train and car back to Cusco. Hiking to Humantay Lake is undoubtedly one of the best one-day trips you can do from Cusco, Peru. Please remember that the train ticket does not include the bus fare nor the entry to the Machu Picchu citadel. only because of the rampant beauty you will encounter, "Machu Picchu clearly shows us that the Incan civilization was an empire of fractured rocks".[65]. Plan your trip to Cusco with us and get support anytime you want. It is one of the most important archeological sites in South America, one of the most visited tourist attractions in Latin America[49] and the most visited in Peru. We recommend using thin layers that can be taken on and off as needed. Travellers who want to trek the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu in 2020 should start planning – permits for the epic hike are on sale now for next year. Normally the tickets have a high demand for the months of June, July and August, for those dates try to buy well in advance. TOGETHER WE ARE STRONGER . It began earlier in the month and concluded on the December solstice. There is no single ticket for Huayna Picchu, you have to buy both, or another thing you can do is buy a ticket for Machu Picchu and then the one that includes Huayna Picchu, and that way you can do it in 2 days. Discover the mysterious Inca Empire, as you travel through time to the spectacular Machu Picchu, suspended in the sky. Along the trail you’ll experience a lot of different climates. This pleasant weather means experienced hikers will have terrific conditions for trekking the Inca Trail. Do you want to buy Machu Picchu Tickets online or in office in Cusco for 2022? Thousands of tourists walk the Inca Trail to visit Machu Picchu each year. We are trusted for our professional, efficient, and friendly services. Machu Picchu [ˌmɑtʃu ˈpiktʃu] (Quechua Machu Pikchu, deutsch alter Gipfel) ist eine gut erhaltene Ruinenstadt in Peru.Die Inka erbauten die Stadt im 15. Our tour begins on one of the most incredible train trips in the entire world. You will be able to appreciate wonderful and unparalleled stone works. The former capital of the mighty Inca Empire, Peru’s He then crossed a pass and into the Pampaconas Valley where he found more ruins heavily buried in the jungle undergrowth at EspÃritu Pampa, which he named "Trombone Pampa". [69][page needed]. The temples are in the upper town, the warehouses in the lower. city of Cusco is a fabulous base from which to explore Street Maruri 324 – The Desconcertada Direction of Culture Cusco is also a few meters from the Main Square of the city. [18][page needed], However, it has been found that the terrace farming area makes up only about 4.9 ha (12 acres) of land, and a study of the soil around the terraces showed that what was grown there was mostly corn and potatoes, which was not enough to support the 750+ people living at Machu Picchu. Other helpful ways are to drink coca or muna (Andean mint) tea, which have been in use since the Inca times. temperatures in °C, Average max. There were also varying osteological stressors and varying chemical densities suggesting varying long-term diets characteristic of specific regions that were spaced apart. Easy Covid Testing for US-Bound Travelers Going to Machu Picchu US-Bound travlers returning from Peru will find this info useful. mystical and unforgettable experience. When you arrive at the Machu Picchu Station (town of Machu Picchu) on the PeruRail Vistadome train, go to the Bus Station to buy a bus ticket that will take you to the Machu Picchu citadel.The ride is approximately 25 minutes long. Due to their placements among the human remains, it is believed that they served as companions of the dead. The Salkantay Trek is widely considered to be the best, most scenic alternative to the Inca Trail, which is often sold out months in advance. The answer is simple: the experience Arteaga said he knew of excellent ruins on the top of Huayna Picchu. OFFICIAL INCA TRAIL. These animals naturally live at altitudes of 4,000 meters (13,000 ft) rather than the 2,400 meters (7,900 ft) elevation of Machu Picchu. Though the estate belonged to Pachacutec, religious specialists and temporary specialized workers (mayocs) lived there as well, most likely for the ruler's well-being and enjoyment. Jahrhundert in 2430 Metern Höhe auf einem Bergrücken zwischen den Gipfeln des Huayna Picchu und des Berges gleichen Namens (Machu Picchu) in den Anden über dem Urubambatal der Region Cusco, 75 Kilometer nordwestlich der … The people who built this sanctuary, the Inca, are much more mysterious. This book gives readers insight about how these people lived, what their customs were, and how this awe-inspiring city was found after the Inca were conquered. Most of the trek isn’t too challenging. The first night will get below zero, so you need to make sure you have warm clothing and an excellent sleeping bag. Supporting the livelihoods of the people in our destinations. Its highest point is a high pass of over 4700m near the magnificent glacier-clad peak of Salkantay. It’s worth it, though, for the otherworldly views and the route’s relative quietness when compared with the tourist-choked Inca Trail to Machu Picchu. It is truly, Permits for Inca Trail Hikes in 2021. The Inca believed the stone held the sun in its place along its annual path in the sky. Trail conditions are at their best and driest through Peru’s winter months: April–November. [22]: 141, 186â187 [non-primary source needed], The expedition continued down the Urubamba and up the Vilcabamba Rivers examining all the ruins they could find. Over the centuries, the surrounding jungle overgrew the site, and few outside the immediate area knew of its existence. The UNESCO World Heritage–listed collection of temples, terraced hills, and plazas was once the mountaintop citadel of the ancient Inca empire. Although the total distance is only about 39km, the ancient trail laid by the Incas from the Sacred Valley to Machu Picchu winds its way up and down and around the mountains, snaking over three high Andean passes en route, which have collectively led to the route being dubbed ‘the Inca Trail.’ If you have a lot of time and want to experience two incredible Inca sites, you can opt for the Choquequirao trek. Inca Jungle is great for those seeking a thrill and Lares is a top option if you want a quieter and more rural experience. Why? The section of the mountain where Machu Picchu was built provided various challenges that the Incas solved with local materials. [18][page needed], Studies show that according to their skeletal remains, most people who lived there were immigrants from diverse backgrounds. Visit top-rated & must-see attractions. [28] Terraces constructed overlooking Urubamba River and many other springs provided fresh water for crop production and served more than 1,000 households. The three-sided style of Inca architecture is known as the wayrona style. Owned by the National University of San Antonio Abad del Cusco, La Casa Concha also features a study area for local and foreign students. Sample coca tea and authentic local delicacies, or shop for handmade Peruvian weavings, pottery, and jewelry Essential planning information on agencies, tour guides, and porters, food and accommodations, packing suggestions, finding the ... The Salkantay trek to Machu Picchu is one of the most famous treks in Cusco, Peru and it is undoubtedly the best alternative route to experience the original Inca paths. [84], In January 2010, heavy rain caused flooding that buried or washed away roads and railways to Machu Picchu, trapping more than 2,000 locals and more than 2,000 tourists, later airlifted out to safety. This festival was celebrated during the Incan month of Qhapaq Raymi. Inca Trail to Machu Picchu The Inca Trail is the most famous hike in South America. The tickets will distributed the Inca Trail Tours, Only Machu Picchu, Huayna Picchu, Huchuy Picchu and Machu Picchu mountain. Get a Quote from our recommended local travel agency and tour operator, they include Machu Picchu entrance tickets. Now, researchers think they know why" 24 September 2019, "Computer Modeling of Heritage Resources", "Ancient Observatories - Timeless Knowledge", "Machu Picchu: Ancient Incan sanctuary intentionally built on faults", "Cusco: Llegada de visitantes al Santuario Histórico de Machu Picchu", "Bridge stirs the waters in Machu Picchu", "Peru to construct cable car system in Machu Picchu", "Father killed by altitude sickness on dream trip to Machu Picchu", "US Tourist Dies in Fall While Hiking the Inca Trail Near Machu Picchu", "Peru: German tourist dies while trekking Inca Trail", "Stranded tourists await rescue from Machu Picchu", "World's Most Controversial Tourist Attractions". Only later did Bingham learn that Charles Wiener also heard of the ruins at Huayna Picchu and Machu Picchu, but was unable to reach them. THE FULL EXPERIENCE . America, into the heart of the Andes. route, which have collectively led to the route being The Incas built the estate around 1450 but abandoned it a century later at the time of the Spanish conquest. Although the total distance is only about 39km, the ancient trail laid by the Incas from the Sacred Valley to Machu Picchu winds its way up and down and around the mountains, snaking over three high Andean passes en route, which have collectively led to the route being dubbed ‘the Inca Trail.’ Stumbling onto the The terraces reduced soil erosion and protected against landslides. 1-Day Inca Trail. According to the new AMS radiocarbon-dating, it was occupied from c. With The Urubamba River flows past it, cutting through the Cordillera and creating a canyon with a tropical mountain climate.[5]. Formed by Travellers who want to trek the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu in 2020 should start planning – permits for the epic hike are on sale now for next year. INCA TRAIL TICKETS MACHUPICCHU. The tickets will distributed the Inca Trail Tours, Only Machu Picchu, Huayna Picchu, Huchuy Picchu and Machu Picchu mountain. We are a passionate team of travel specialists who boast a reputation for delivering premium travel experiences to places like Machu Picchu, Salkantay Trek, the Inca Trail, Choquequirao, Huchuy Qosqo, the Lares Trek and Rainbow Mountain. THE FULL EXPERIENCE . That is integrated by the following countries: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. [92] The third and final batch of artifacts was delivered November 2012. None of Bingham's several hypotheses explaining the site held up. [76] UNESCO is considering putting Machu Picchu on its List of World Heritage in Danger. The central buildings use the classical Inca architectural style of polished dry-stone walls of regular shape. Often mistakenly referred to as the "Lost City of the Incas", it is the most familiar icon of Inca civilization. You will pass along natural bridges, snowcapped mountains, colorful valleys, waterfalls, wildlife, unique plants, and a cloud forest. [22]: xxxâxxxi [non-primary source needed], Bingham was a lecturer at Yale University, although not a trained archeologist. These terraces were a work of considerable engineering, built to ensure good drainage and soil fertility while also protecting the mountain itself from erosion and landslides.
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