•Mostly focussed on determining economic impacts on tourism industry, or costs of beach clean-ups to avoid losses in tourism revenue •This is therefore discussed in section on economic impacts •Heritage •No SA research found Marine litter is a global concern of significant proportions. Economic incentives (different instruments) Research findings: Source 4 "The report is designed to assist the understanding of the economic costs and benefits of controlling marine debris and empower governments, industries and the community to take action" (McIlgorm et al., 2008). marine litter reduction target 30% by 2030 with 2015 baseline' set out in the Circular Economy Package. The study estimates 4.6 million fewer visits under such a scenario. But, we need to recognize that introducing contaminants and otherwise altering these ocean systems can harm human health and well-being in significant and substantial ways. These are complex, challenging, and critically important themes. g�m��c�
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Changes in recreation visits to the beach as a result of an increase or decrease in marine debris has cascading economic impacts on the regional economy. The results of the study showed that the varying amounts of marine debris on beaches can have an impact on the number of days visitors spend on those beaches, resulting in changes to the amount of tourism dollars spent, the number of local jobs, and the value of beach recreation. revenue losses to fisheries, tourism, shipping This study evaluated two types of economic impacts that result from the effects of doubling and the near elimination of marine debris on beach recreation: the loss or gain of recreational value to beach visitors, and the economic impact from reduced or increased spending on beach visits in four selected coastal areas across the contiguous United States. 0000028262 00000 n
It is clear however, that marine litter can impact on a range of resources and ultimately threaten policy goals such as the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) and its focus on delivering a clean and . A solid understanding of the ecological, social and economic impact of marine plastic is necessary to inform a global transition in the way we make, use and reuse plastic, in such a way as to eliminate negative impacts, with implications for public behaviour, legislation and governance, industry and commerce (Pahl et al., 2017).This understanding is integral in providing grounding for . 0000114387 00000 n
From an environmental economics perspec-tive it introduces the difficulties in measuring the economic costs of marine litter; reviews those sectors where these costs are notable; and considers policy instru-ments, which can reduce these costs. Marine litter issues, impacts and actions. Economic impacts from changes in marine debris amounts
To understand the relationship between marine debris and recreational beach use, the study recruited participants at beaches in the four selected coastal areas and asked them questions about their beach recreation, their opinions about marine debris, and how their beach visits would change if there were varying amounts of debris on beaches. Marine plastic pollution has a wide range of social and economic impacts. The data was used to understand how an increase or decrease in the amount of marine debris on the beach would affect the number of beach visits in each area. For more information about this project, visit the Marine Debris Program Clearinghouse. It was agreed to prevent and reduce marine litter from land- and sea-based sources, causing harmful impacts on coastal and marine habitats and species, and negative impacts on various economic sectors, such as fisheries, shipping or tourism, and decided to develop a regional action plan by 2015 at the latest with the aim of achieving a . On 15 December 2017, the Inception Impact assessment Roadmap "Reducing marine litter: action on single-use plastics and fishing gear" was published. Found inside – Page 402The size, mass, and composition of plastic debris in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60(10), 1873-1878. Mouat, J., Lozano, R.L. and Bateson, H. (2010). Economic Impacts of Marine Litter. %PDF-1.4
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Environmental damage to marine ecosystems has been estimated at $13 billion per year. "Turning the Tide on Trash ... is an interdisciplinary guide designed to provide maximum flexibility in the classroom." The curriculum guide is designed for use either as a primary tool, or to supplement work in other subject areas. These impacts encompass global to local scales and generate degradation so elevated in magnitude as to reach a point of no return in all environments. Marine debris has been documented by Gall and Thompson to impact more than 700 species, from coastal vegetation, to plankton, invertebrates, fish, cetaceans, sea turtles and seabirds. Found insideWe also suggested more comprehensive future research on the economic impact of marine debris on the tourism sector. Keywords: Marine debris, Loss of revenue, Tourism, Economic impact, Economic Losses 1 INTRODUCTION Unmanaged waste will ... This is followed by a description of the nature and likely effect of the measures and their impacts are then explained. The text considers the financial costs, environmental benefits, employment effects and other economic impacts. Marine litter originates from many sources and causes a wide spectrum of environmental, economic, safety, health and cultural impacts. the economic impacts of marine litter. Most notably this study reveals that doubling the amount of marine debris on beaches within these coastal areas would decrease the number of days visitors spend on those beaches. The economic impacts of waste pollution include the cost to government, industries, not-for-profit groups and communities. Economic incentives (different instruments) Research findings: Source 4 "The report is designed to assist the understanding of the economic costs and benefits of controlling marine debris and empower governments, industries and the community to take action" (McIlgorm et al., 2008). endstream
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The full economic cost of the impact of marine litter on the environment is complex because some impacts are more readily evaluated than others. to help reduce the impacts of marine litter, while increasing the value of materials in the EU economy. %PDF-1.5 0000003906 00000 n
Impact of marine litter . The 8th Edition of the UN Environment Programme flagship report, The UNEP Year Book 2011, examines global emerging issues and provides the latest environmental science. it also highlights major environmental events and developments over the ... The impact of ALDFG includes economic losses, reduction of ability to target specific marine life, marine wildlife entanglement in and ingestion of marine litter, damage to marine habitats, impact on human habitats such as beaches and coastal areas and also loss of human life due to debris entanglement. Marine waste is one of the main problems to be overcome if we are to return our marine and coastal ecosystems to health. Found inside – Page 195... comprehensive effort to reduce marine litter and its ecological, public health and economic impacts. The aim of this document is to help improve collaboration among groups and countries from around the globe concerning marine litter ... Marine debris can cause a lot of problems for people, ecosystems, and our economy. 0000002897 00000 n
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The fishing sector is more commonly viewed as a source of marine litter, but it is also subject to economic costs itself. The problem of marine litter was recognized by the UN General Assembly, which in its Resolution A/60/L.22 - Oceans and the Law of the Sea - of 29 November 2005 . A 2009 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) report summarises marine litter as 'an environmental, economic, health and aesthetic problem' [7]. Found inside – Page 306It is crucial to understand the potential economic consequences of marine debris, because it affects ecosystem functioning. Economic impacts are mainly on the marine environment, biodiversity, human health, and safety. Waste clean up costs. This Handbook brings together a carefully chosen set of world-class contributions from ecology, economics, and other development science and attempts to provide policy relevant scientific information on ecosystem services from marine and ... 0000075397 00000 n
Kommunenes Internasjonale Miljøorganisasjon (KIMO): Grantfield. A variety of studies have estimated the potential financial impact of reduced tourism due to marine litter. ��&S�8t2Ugk��8�t�RV��m��bU��zU���hh�DPX�\]jX6����hu��"4V[m5����(K�yNՕ*�~�.�CE�7��J�leus) To better understand the relationship between coastal tourism economies and marine debris, the NOAA Marine Debris Program funded a study to look at how the amount of marine debris on beaches can affect the behaviors of beachgoers and as a result, the economies of coastal communities that depend on tourism. The market for harvesting and providing oysters to the public is high. Plastic pollution is recognized as a severe anthropogenic issue in the coastal and marine ecosystems across the world. Marine debris is a serious threat to marine animals. In these communities, reducing marine debris to almost zero was estimated to produce an additional $217 million tourism dollars spent in communities and over 3,700 jobs. >> At a global level, UNEP has estimated the economic impact of marine plastics (excluding microplastics), including losses incurred by fisheries and tourism due to plastic littering, as well as beach clean-up costs, at around $13 billion per year . 0000002342 00000 n
Marine litter is a global concern, affecting all the oceans of the world. While large pieces of litter can have dramatic impacts on marine animals, less obvious are the dangers of plastics measuring less than five millimeters in size, known as "microplastics." These small pieces of debris have quickly become a high research priority for scientists around the world. Councillors at a recent Environment Committee meeting heard first-hand about human impacts when findings from a report on the types of marine litter . Direct economic costs of marine litter are quantified for a remote archipelago. The report also identified that the main motivation and incentive for removing Direct economic impacts faced by the sector arise from the need to repair or replace gear that has been damaged or lost due to encounters with marine litter; repairing vessels with tangled propellers (Fig. Data Sources and Collection For example costs for cleaning operations or lost fishing revenue from entanglement are captured in traditional economic calculations but the economic implications of degraded ecosystem services are . The consequences of this pollutant are manifold and encompass environmental, economic and potentially also human health impacts. The book is the first monography to address regulatory responses to marine litter in a comprehensive way. UNEP(DEPI)/MED WG.357/Inf.4 page 3 1. 0000058419 00000 n
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The impacts of marine litter extend to environmental, social and economic spheres but currently the understanding of effects is limited. 0000014307 00000 n
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10 2.1 Methods 10 2.2 Results 10 2.2.1 The marine economy 11 2.2.2 Direct, indirect and non-market economic impacts of marine debris 12 A study by Jambeck et al. Z�m\t�Fo:*�ϝ�rߨ��}w.5���?K�"�p�L6�����9U���o=(_��x����?�;����p�l����C�tAg��B�r��F %Y�ec�Vh3@["���X�M/�[?���D��G�����w�xb 8nYL���c���O^�'��<9��,[ܣ���u�v�[����,�. In 2015, the G7 countries adopted the Action Plan to Combat Marine Litter. 14.1), anchors, rudders, blocked intake pipes, etc. This is partly due to the fact that less than 10 % of global plastics are currently recycled (Geyer et al. 0000012828 00000 n
Litter is found in all the world's oceans and seas, even in remote areas far from human contact and obvious sources of the problem. 2. Beyond the aesthetic impact, marine litter also bears potential economic implications to the fishery sector. We have only recently begun to understand the economic cost of marine plastic pollution. 196 0 obj
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and pathways, quantify the pressures of marine plastic litter on the marine environment, analyse the environmental, ecological, and ecosystem state change due to marine plastic litter, analyse the impacts on human welfare (social, health, and economics) and analyse possible responses and measures for management. endstream
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Impacts of Marine Debris and Oil: Economic and Social Costs to Coastal Communities T he problem of marine litter and oil deposited on coasts is a common problem for coastal local communities and other organisations throughout the world. This sector relies heavily on healthy coastal and ocean resources as well as the aesthetic quality of the environment. This book identifies ways to reduce waste, improve waste disposal at ports, and strengthen the regulatory framework toward a goal of zero waste discharge into the marine environment. 0000017248 00000 n
The presence of marine litter can affect the local and national economy (e.g. The impact of ALDFG includes economic losses, reduction of ability to target specific marine life, marine wildlife entanglement in and ingestion of marine litter, damage to marine habitats, impact . PART 3: The effects of marine plastic litter on economic sectors 27 3.1 Fisheries 29 3.2 Shipping 31 3.3 Tourism 33 PART 4: Findings and recommendations 35 Key findings, knowledge gaps and recommendations 36 ANNEX 41 1.1 Types of marine plastic litter, sources and its ecological impacts 41 Mouat et al.
Chemicals (POPs and EDCs) in marine litter plastics: fate in the marine environment Abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) is a problem that is increasingly of concern. The economic costs of marine litter and plastic pollution can be divided into costs incurred during preventive activities, costs of direct damage to equipment and commercial stocks, costs of remedial activities, and indirect costs of inaction (UNEP 2018). 0000045913 00000 n
The NOAA Marine Debris Program works with students, educators, non-governmental organizations, industry, and other organizations across the United States to stem the tide of marine debris by changing behaviors related to common marine debris items and raising awareness through outreach and education. •Some research on the impacts of marine litter on tourism, incl. 0000001220 00000 n
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Estimating the full economic cost of marine litter is complex. The new guidelines are meant to protect public health, help evaluate development projects near freshwater and recreational sites and assess potential health aspects of recreational projects. Eliminating Marine Debris: Orange County, California, Doubling Marine Debris: Orange County, California, Eliminating Marine Debris: Coastal Delaware & Maryland, Doubling Marine Debris: Coastal Delaware & Maryland, Eliminating Marine Debris: Coastal Alabama, The Economic Impacts of Marine Debris on Beaches, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Interagency Marine Debris Coordinating Committee, Emergency Response Guides and Regional Action Plans, View the study as an interactive Story Map, The Effects of Marine Debris on Beach Recreation and Regional Economies in Four Coastal Communities: A Regional Pilot Study, where tourism and recreation account for $124 billion in gross domestic product, The Economic Impacts of Marine Debris on Tourism-Dependent Communities. h�bb�f`b``Ń3Υ�y �\"
An overview of the occurrence and effects of microplastics on aquatic organisms, with recommendations regarding seafood safety and security, environmental risk assessment approaches and targeted monitoring of microplastics in the ... Following the first international workshop on the economics of ocean acidification organized by the Centre Scientifique de Monaco and the International Atomic Energy Agency in 2010, a second international workshop was held in November 2012, ... The economic impacts of marine litter found that UK municipalities spend approximately €18 million each year removing beach litter while there is approximately a €10.4 million per year cost to municipalities in the Netherlands and Belgium (Mouat et al 2010). • The economic impact of marine litter has not been addressed in the region while the specific to the region impacts on nature and humans need to be further identified and explored. (2015) estimated that up to 12.7 million tonnes of plastic waste entered the oceans in 2010. Marine litter originates from sea-based activities and from land-based activities, which represent the main sources of marine litter production. The economic impact of marine plastics on coastal communities is also considerable, especially for Àsheries and municipalities that regularly need to remove the beach litter to 0000046210 00000 n
Marine litter has economic, social and ecological impacts from the local to the international level. It also presents the latest trends using key environmental indicators. This 2014 edition shows that changes in the Arctic will have consequences far beyond this fragile region and that they require an urgent international response. trailer
These ecosystems play a major role both in balancing the climate and in providing the basis for marine and coastal activities, including fisheries and aquaculture Many societal, economic and environmental issues are part of the complex equation of the marine pollution . Marine debris can enter the ocean environment through a myriad of sources ranging from rivers, streams, open lakes, estuaries, and land-based sources such as waste, run off, and sewage . The report also identified that the main motivation and incentive for removing The total negative impact on marine industries is estimated to be at least $8 billion per year. They also make attempts at aggregating economic impacts across sectors to provide regional cost estimates. ]���H����0M}{�䈂�6_ȹ���&_m֛Ѝ&�}�����F=��ب��ټ0m?O�s��,O���i��&����L��^��x1W˶��u���Vc��c��6��_z�0��Y,L��t�S=ӵ�4���[��n�|�1� H�lU�n�0��+�R�, E�%/@��{H� =����x/�^b���7CRT��Lg{3o����R�ڨ�N&j��B��Ĩ���Y�_� 2.6 Socio-economic Impacts of Marine Debris . �|x�w]����m����J��ܜ*�c`X �@!ɛ:�u��H�.��Jmގ��bx�?fA,h�.���mk]��㶐�!��"�bO.$8 �OWA���G�㒁�&0��GO���SLp�ń�KxQKt�q��K�']��^M�[�8�-� �*+�*�'��/ H�\��J�@��y�Y�B�&3wB�� Available in : VLIZ: Open access 223084 [ download pdf] Keywords: Cleaning Coastlines Economic impact Environments > Aquatic environment > Marine environment Materials > Plastics Topographic features > Landforms > Coastal landforms > Beaches stream This report presents both short- and long-term approaches to the problem of marine plastic debris and micro plastics. • • • Marine litter creates costs and inconveniences for a range of stakeholders. Chapter 14: The socio-economic impacts of marine litter, including the costs of policy inaction and action; Chapter 15: Fiscal reforms for sustainable marine fisheries governance: institutional frameworks and design essentials; Chapter 16: Adaptation policies and strategies as a response to ocean acidification and warming in the Mediterranean Sea INTRODUCTION TO THE ASSESSMENT At its closure, on 12 January, 28 4���2O���a���)kO|�^��Rt�_`�L�8�e1.ę�b��(�@��s?H�|^���Oq2J���n� �Z�ike4�,4�aO��(�ծ]n�
�y�8M����;#��$��kQ3LΒ�Yʢ�͓��G���I9�Iԝ3w�0q��. Visit our How to Help page to learn more about how to make a difference and reduce the impacts of marine debris to coastal communities. The economic impacts of marine litter found that UK municipalities spend approximately €18 million each year removing beach litter while there is approximately a €10.4 million per year cost to municipalities in the Netherlands and Belgium (Mouat et al 2010). Marine litter is a global challenge and society plays an important role via lifestyles and behaviour, including policy support. Supporting documents. The exact cost of cleaning up beaches and other areas has not been fully quantified. aspects related to recreation and aesthetics. Following that, the book: considers types of marine pollution and their effects on organisms, ecosystems, and humans, and the corresponding economic effects of those biological impacts introduces the economic principles and methods needed ... Found inside – Page 75Social–Economic. Impacts. The social impacts of marine litter include deterioration in the quality of human life, reduced recreational opportunities, loss of aesthetic value, and loss of nonuse or ... "I know of no similar work (in scope, content and orientation). That is why we are all waiting so anxiously for this volume to be completed. Its perspective is unique." Charles Finkel, Editor to the Journal of Coastal Research 0000013642 00000 n
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Unprecedented and continuous accumulation of growing plastic contaminants into any respective aquatic ecosystem by the anthropogenic sources causes direct and/or indirect interruption to ecosystem structure, functions, and consequently, services and values. It also affects many species, including threatened and endangered plants and animals that the Service is working to recover. Every year, millions and millions of tonnes of litter end up in the ocean worldwide, posing environmental, economic, health and aesthetic problems.
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