In Brazil, the average yield for eucalyptus is 21 t/ha, but in Africa, India and Southeast Asia, typical eucalyptus yields are below 10 t/ha.[17]. Cenchrus purpureus, synonym Pennisetum purpureum, also known as Napier grass, elephant grass or Uganda grass, is a species of perennial tropical grass native to the African grasslands. The leaves of the leaves are around 60 to 61 centimeters long. [10] In drier areas however, yields decline; Gwayumba et al. The elephant grass has hairy, course blades and sharp edges that keep predators from eating the plant. Further, allotetraploid formation occurred at approximately 6.61 MYA. For two harvests per year, double these figures.". Parts Used: leaves for animal fodder. [7] It can be propagated through seeds, however as seed production is inconsistent, collection is difficult. The species has low nutrient and water requirements as a result as been adapted to tropical environment. It is also known as Napier grass or Uganda grass. The elephant grass is harvested by local farmers who cut the grass for animal fodder. Miscanthus is a C4 grass closely related to maize and sugarcane, it can grow to heights of three metres in a single . is a fast-growing perennial grass native to Sub-Saharan Africa that is widely grown across the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. (a) Phylogenetic relationship of elephant grass with…, Characterization of expression dominance in…, Characterization of expression dominance in subgenomes of elephant grass. Careers. [19] Considering that striga, stemborers, and low soil fertility together cause yield losses of an estimated 7 billion US dollars or enough to feed 27 million people,[19] the implementation of this technique could significantly reduce food insecurity. Epub 2015 Nov 24. Common Name: Napier grass, Uganda grass. Abbreviations: AUX1, auxin influx carrier; TIR1, transport inhibitor response; ARF, auxin response factor; Aux/IAAs, auxin/indole‐3‐acetic acid; SAUR, small auxin upregulated; GH3, Gretchenhagen‐3; CRE1, cytokinin receptor 1; AHP, Arabidopsis histidine phosphotransfer proteins; BRR, B‐type Arabidopsis response regulators; ARR, Arabidopsis response regulators; GID1, GA‐insensitive dwarf 1; PIF3, phytochrome‐interacting factor 3; BRI1, Brassinosteroid insensitive 1; BSK, Brassinosteroid ‐signalling kinases; BIN2, Brassinosteroid insensitive 2; BZR1/2, Brassinazole‐resistant 1/2; BSU1 bril suppressor1 phosphatase; TCH4, Touch 4; CYCD4, Cyclin D 4. (b) Principal components analysis of the expression of single‐copy genes between the two subgenomes in five tissues. Although promising as a sustainable and affordable option, the success of push-pull pest management highly depends on proper implementation in combination with other good ecological practices. Predict the function of starch and explain why. [4] Napier grass has shown potential at attracting stemborer moths (a main cause of yield loss in Africa) away from maize[4] and hence is the "pull" crop. The tusks of an elephant can weigh up to 200 pounds and can grow up to 10 feet in length. They will willingly feed on grass as well as the leaves of big trees. The amount is equivalent to 28.7 tons / hectare. August 1, 2020. © 2020 The Authors. Molecular Ecology Resources published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Whether elephant grass is the long-term and sustainable solution still remains to be seen. Simeão RM, Resende MDV, Alves RS, Pessoa-Filho M, Azevedo ALS, Jones CS, Pereira JF, Machado JC. Elephant grass has a low requirement for water and nutrients. However, the grass with the Latin name of the Purpureum purniset can also be used as garden grass.. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The two most common grasses you will see in the tropical grasslands and savannas include: bermuda grass as well as elephant grass. Farmers' perceptions of a 'push-pull' technology for control of cereal stemborers and striga weed in western Kenya. By Rhett A. Butler. They are found most often in the savannas, grasslands, and forests of Africa and Asia. [2] Generally, the grass is harvested in relatively short intervals (every 1 to 3 months) when it is to be used as fodder for animals (its main use), and relatively long intervals (4–12 months) when used for bioenergy. C, Characterization of expression dominance in subgenomes of elephant grass. [4] It is recommended that if an infestation is particularly severe, neither corn, nor sorghum should be planted in the same field the following year but instead rotated with other crops. The Elephant grass grows in clumps up to 3 meters tall. Found inside – Page 41Napier , or elephant grass ( Pennisetum purpureum ) ( fig . 1 ) is a close second . ... Natal ( Tricholaena rosea ) , a South African grass , has been tried in various localities and found very promising , especially on sandy soils . the savanna is rich with elephant grass. The amount is 6.6 tons more than the unfertilized napier grass. fertilizer), soil quality, rain, sunshine and temperature. Its height is around 2 meters. The botanical name of Elephant grass is Pennisetum purpureum. It originates from Africa, but it can be found around the world today. Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) 8600 Rockville Pike This practice led some people to think that elephants went to special burial grounds to die. eCollection 2021. It is also utilized for firebreaks, windbreaks, in paper pulp production and most recently to produce bio-oil, biogas and charcoal. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Stimulo-deterrent diversion: A concept and its possible application to onion maggot control. For example, a six-month harvest of tall Giant King Grass, one can expect to obtain 80 or more US tons per acre (180 metric tons per hectare) of fresh grass at approximately 70-75% moisture. What is the elephant getting when the bond is broken in sucrose? Techniques for rapid vegetative multiplication for pasture species and commercial production. Together these ecosystems make up the bulk of Central . Google Privacy Policy | A tall grass native to Africa and grows in dense clumps of about 10 feet tall. 10.1038/nbt.2196 Pure polyphenols and cranberry juice high in anthocyanins increase antioxidant capacity in animal organs. Bristly flower heads range from 1½-5'' long and can be purple, gray, or yellowish, Evolutionary analysis showed that subgenome A' of elephant grass and pearl millet may have originated from a common ancestor more than 3.22 million years ago (MYA). Nature Biotechnology, 30, 555–561. Zebras, and lots of other grazing animals eat elephant grass too. Not only elephants eat elephant grass. The inflorescence of napier grass is a cylindrical spike at the top of the stem. It is also known as elephant grass. 10.1007/s13199-015-0329-z It is a very robust grass that may grow over 3' tall and wide. Found inside(Smile) Now, back to the hill below the mountaintop, where the paymaster found us. We stayed there pulling security and ... (Smile) We moved on up to the top and there we found elephant grass, but the trail kept going and so did we. See page 202: "The total water requirements are approximately 100 mm (4 inches) per month rainfall equivalent. Functioning of PPR Proteins in Organelle RNA Metabolism and Chloroplast Biogenesis. Found inside – Page 172Sid, Cruz, and Kolarik had all crawled into the elephant grass and were in various stages of agony. ... and crawled back into the elephant grass. When he tried to transmit, Kolarik discovered that the handset had a bullet hole in it. It is greenish-tan, 5 to 12 inches long, and about an inch in diameter. Caught on video, by Latest Sightings, the fatal interaction was a rather one-sided battle, as an African elephant can be seen stamping the crocodile into the shadow realm. [6] It produces best growth between 25 and 40 °C, and little growth below about 15 °C, with growth ceasing at 10 °C. Genus: Pennistum. August 1, 2020. Common Name: Napier grass, Uganda grass. The elephant adaption that the shallow roots allow the elephant grass to absorb water really quickly. Its seed (7-9cam long) are hairy and have a large, bent and twisted awn. It is a very robust grass that may grow over 3' tall and wide. As this weeds were adapted to tropical lands, it has small requirements in water and nutritive components. iii. (a) Phylogenetic relationship of elephant grass with nine other plant species. [8] Insecticides are also expensive for poor farmers and can build chemical resistance by the pests. This not only makes them difficult to detect and remove but also damages the vascular tissue necessary for plant growth. The Bermuda grass that many plant in their lawns is native to the African savanna as is elephant grass, which can grow 10 feet (3 m) tall. Many times they stay there until they die. The spike is densely packed with flowering spikelets. (c) Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes between the two subgenomes (subgenome A' vs. subgenome B) in five tissues. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evab238. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error, Genomic landscape of the 14 assembled elephant grass chromosomes. Binomial Name: Aristida purpurea Family: Poaceae This grass is characterized by the presence of narrow, elongated, and sharp spikes or leaves. Accessibility [21], A Dutch company has turned the grass into a plastic that can be used for packaging. While eating, elephants do not discriminate between various plants. Ethylene and cytokinin: Partners in root growth regulation. [18] In addition, chemicals are carried into final food products. Elephant grass grows in the pastures, open woodlands, wastelands, along the lakes and rivers and near the roads. [4] A study of Kenyan farmers using the push-pull strategy reported an 89% reduction in Striga (a parasitic weed), an 83% increase in soil fertility, and 52% effectiveness in stemborer control. Miscanthus has been enthusiastically promoted as a second generation biomass crop, and this book provides a comprehensive review of this knowledge. It is also known as elephant grass. There are more than 100 species of Pennisetum, some of which are cultivated for grain. An information guide on the grass species found in Kruger National Park. Historically, this wild species has been used primarily for grazing, recently, however, it has been used as . Cenchrus purpureus, synonym Pennisetum purpureum,[1] also known as Napier grass, elephant grass or Uganda grass, is a species of perennial tropical grass native to the African grasslands. It is a multipurpose forage crop, primarily used to feed cattle in cut and carry feeding systems. Elephant Grass. The ligule is composed of long hairs. The Congo is the Earth's second largest river by volume, draining an area of 3.7 million square kilometers (1.4 million square miles) known as the Congo Basin. Elephant, largest living land animal, characterized by its long trunk, columnar legs, and huge head with temporal glands and wide, flat ears. Elephants are fond of water and enjoy showering by sucking water into their trunks and . © 2021 University of Florida / IFAS / Center for Aquatic & Invasive Plants Elephant grass is a type of tall grass found in Africa. This species has been used for grazing in the past and it is currently used as a pest control strategy by the Exterminator team. [4] It is also important to burn infested stalks or, if they have an intended use, to leave them out in the sun for three days. Napier grass, also known as elephant grass is botanically called Pennisetum purpureum; it is a good pasture crop with high nutritive value.The fresh elephant grass, having a dry matter content of 21.4 percent, contains a crude protein content of 3.4 - 12.9 percent, depending on the age of this grass and a total digestible nutrient of 14 . (1) Water hyacinth (2) Elephant Grass (3) Parthenium (4) Both (2) and (3) Last Answer : Both (2) and (3) 1 answer All lands of livestock and particularly horses were fond of the grass and it produced enormous yields. Once the valuable features of this tropical grass became known, its use spread rapidly. Genomic Selection in Tropical Forage Grasses: Current Status and Future Applications. The world-record tusk is 13.5 feet (4.11 m) long and probably weighed around 225 pounds (about 100 kg).3 . Ramachandran D, Huebner CD, Daly M, Haimovitz J, Swale T, Barrett CF. Much of the basin is covered by rich tropical rainforests and swamps. However, the largest African elephant ever recorded was found in Angola, rocking in at a massive 24,000 lb (11,000 kg). Funct Integr Genomics. Elephant grass (, "Surveying the genome and constructing a high-density genetic map of napiergrass ( Cenchrus purpureus Schumach)", "Yield and quality of elephant grass biomass produced in the cerrados region for bioenergy", "Herbage yield and chemical composition of four varieties of Napier (, "Yield and nutritive quality of nine Napier grass varieties in Malaysia", "Dry Matter Intake, Digestibility and Milk Yield by Friesian Cows Fed Two Napier Grass Varieties", "Path coefficient and cluster analyses of yield and morphological traits in, "Dry Matter Production of Tropical Grasses and Legumes and its Seasonal Change in Thailand", "Scientists back use of Napier grass as sustainable way to feed herds", Missouri Botanical Garden horticultural treatment —, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cenchrus_purpureus&oldid=1044977754, Short description is different from Wikidata, Taxonbars with multiple manual Wikidata items, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 18 September 2021, at 03:29. Enzyme abbreviations: PAL, phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase; C4H, cinnamate 4‐hydroxylase, 4Cl, 4‐coumarate CoA ligase; CHS, chalcone synthase; CHI, chalcone isomerase; F3H, flavanone 3‐hydroxylase; F3′H, flavonoid 3′‐hydroxylase; F3′5′H, flavonoid 3′5′‐hydroxylase; DFR, dihydroflavonol 4‐reductase; ANR, anthocyanidin reductase; ANS, anthocyanidin synthase; 3GT, anthocyanidin 3‐, Plant hormone signal transduction pathway in elephant grass. UF Privacy Policy Botanical name - Pennisetum purpureum. [4] Insecticide effectiveness is low against stemborers, as larvae are protected by protective cell wall layers around the stem. Found inside – Page 120The land among the trees is planted to Para grass and elephant grass or Napiergrass ( Pennisetum purpureum ) . The Para grass is grazed and the elephant grass is cut and fed green . The moist uplands that are used for pasture are found ... The Congo Rainforest. Found inside – Page 37Pennisetum purpureum is widely distributed through sub - Saharan Africa and is commonly called elephant grass or Napier grass ... Again the germplasm was found to be very variable , but accessions could be clustered into six groups with ... 2016 Mar;38(3):369-76. doi: 10.1007/s10529-015-2004-0. Napier grass is not native to Florida. There are as many as 50 000 muscles in an Elephant trunk. Found inside – Page 15Chopped and fed together , pigeon - peas or alfalfa and Elephant grass make very nearly an ideal roughage for dairy cows ... At the Haiku Substation , F. G. Krauss found that Elephant grass matured in half the time required for Uba cane ... Found inside – Page 251The high 9% K of Elephantgrass is associated with a low %, Ca, of about 0.30, which is only half of what is found in other grasses (Table 12.5). Mg-content is also inversely related to K-uptake (12.7.4). Like Setaria and allied genera, ... 2019 Dec 10;19(1):548. doi: 10.1186/s12870-019-2180-5. A perfect size for an elephant to snack on. Compassionate Elephant Care (CEC), developed by Elephant Aid International founder/CEO Carol Buckley, is a system of caring for and handling captive-held elephants that is free of dominance, punishment, and infliction of pain. grass, any plant of the family Poaceae (formerly Gramineae), an important and widely distributed group of vascular plants, having an extraordinary range of adaptation. (redirected from Elephant Grass) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Financial, Wikipedia. It is often regarded as a weed in crops, along roadsides, waterways, wetlands, floodplain, swamps, forest edges, disturbed areas and wastelands (CABI, 2014; Francis, 2004). [2] The larvae cause immense damage to maize and sorghum by burrowing into their stems and eating from within.
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