[143] Human Rights Watch interview with Rashed, Beirut, October 2, 2017. [141] Human Rights Watch interview with Safi, Beirut, October 2, 2017. [77] Within two weeks, at least 43 people had been arrested, including two who were being held and repeatedly interrogated by National Security, an agency within the Interior Ministry that has long functioned outside the law. In Libya, where a gay activist told Human Rights Watch that he only knew of two other people in his country that he would consider to be LGBT rights activists, along with about five other Libyans living abroad, building community is a priority—and the internet is regarded as the safest place to do it. [103] Human Rights Watch interview with Osama Z. In the interim, other steps can be taken to limit human rights abuses against LGBT people. [193] On the other hand, Helem found that General Security, a security service that deals with immigration, was less susceptible to public pressure, which has made abuses against LGBT people by General Security more difficult to counter. Activists across the region say that building alliances with feminist and human rights organizations does not happen spontaneously; it requires work and flexibility on all sides. Intersectionality in activism involves being attentive and sensitive to how one’s actions affect other oppressed groups.

[84] Human Rights Watch, “Egypt: Intensifying Repression of Basic Freedoms,” June 15, 2017, https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/06/15/egypt-intensifying-repression-basic-freedoms. [204] Human Rights Watch interviews with Georges Azzi, Arab Foundation for Freedoms and Equality, Beirut, March 30, 2016, and Ghida Frangieh, Legal Agenda, Beirut, April 1, 2016. Renewal of Life by Transmission. This functionality likewise insulates Ahwaa’s inner sanctum from those who’d seek to harm its users, creating a community-powered defense system.” See https://majal.org/ahwaa (accessed January 25, 2018). Found inside – Page 260... the inquiry> < the incessant hurry and trivial activity distinction between " original ” and “ creative ” writing ) ... counsel ( see under ADVICE n ) : * urge , exhort , dissimulation duplicity , * deceit , cunning , guile prick Ana ... [10] Human Rights Watch Skype interview with Nazeeha Saeed, October 23, 2017. [74] The organization has since taken down its Facebook page for security reasons. Why is mental toughness so important? In Algeria, TransHomosDZ is cautious in welcoming new members, so they established a “companion” status: Similarly, Ahwaa, the regional online platform, developed a “point system” by which participants earned points for ongoing engagement in discussions on the platform. A critique of identity-based, bounded categories of sexual or gender identities; also used as an umbrella term covering multiple identities. He said: Khawlah S., an activist in Bahrain, established an online platform for LGBTQ people in the Middle East and North Africa with the aim of building a sense of community both within countries and cross-regionally. [168] Scott Long, “Anusbook. But then, Safi said, “they got scared of the society’s reaction” and rejected the idea. [116] Members of Egypt’s “morality police” pose as gay men on such dating apps, send explicit messages and photos, and in some cases offer money to their interlocutors to have sex with them. It was amazing to interact with them and see how similar our struggles were.”[97] A Moroccan activist described how when two girls, ages 16 and 17, were arrested for kissing in Marrakech in 2016, she and her colleagues were able to get 22 organizations from throughout the Middle East and North Africa to sign on to a statement condemning the arrests.

... intuition and psychic insight, creative energy, wisdom and mystery. [126] Written exchange on Facebook messenger between Human Rights Watch and Badr Baabou, Damj, January 24, 2018. The report focuses on LGBT activism and LGBT rights in Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Where there is active police harassment of LGBT activists, simply staying afloat in such a repressive environment is an act of resistance. Human Rights Watch was unable to identify activists from Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates or Yemen who were willing to speak about their work. [57] Tunisia’s government has recently committed to banning them, but has not yet  put a ban in place.

[46] Killings of gay men attributed to Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq were reported once again in 2017. Activists say that several of these militia have arrested, beaten, and arbitrarily detained men suspected of being gay. Displaced native Middle English thringen (“to press, crowd, throng”) (from Old English þringan (“to press, crowd”)), Middle English thrasten (“to press, force, urge”) (from Old English þrǣstan (“to press, force”)), Old English þryscan (“to press”), Old English þȳwan (“to press, impress”). Mentally tough people develop systems that help them focus on the important stuff regardless of how many obstacles life puts in front of them.

When things get difficult for mentally tough people, they find a way to stay on schedule. (pseudonym), Beirut, September 30, 2017; Quzah, “UPR Review Session of Libya: Based on sexual orientation, gender identity or intersex issues,” May 2015, https://www.upr-info.org/sites/default/files/document/libya/session_22_-_mai_2015/quzah_upr22_lby_e_main.pdf (accessed November 8, 2017). Rashed’s initiative is one of several examples of young people using the arts to raise awareness of LGBT issues in Jordan.

An urge to participate with the world in a more meaningful and fulfilling way? [40] Activists worked to draw attention to ISIS killings, including at the UN Security Council, and to mobilize international responses. [62] Human Rights Watch, They Hunt Us Down for Fun, 2012, p. 26. Mohamed, one of the coordinators, said the campaign received “314,000 engagements” on social media. Professional resume and cover letter writers reveal their inside secrets for creating phenomenal cover letters that get attention and land interviews. [32] Noah Feldman, “Arab Spring’s Dreams Became The Islamic State Nightmare,” Bloomberg, December 17, 2015, http://www.moroccotomorrow.org/arab-springs-dreams-became-the-islamic-state-nightmare/ (accessed November 3, 2017). Choose to create when it would be easier to consume. In Egypt, the January 2011 popular revolt that overthrew former president Hosni Mubarak brought short-lived hope to LGBT activists. See Human Rights Watch, “Morocco: King Brushes Off Evidence of Police Abuse,” September 5, 2017, https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/09/05/morocco-king-brushes-evidence-police-abuse. [153] Human Rights Watch interview with Rabia B. [206] However, in February 2016, a Lebanese military police officer raped a Syrian refugee with an iron rod. [37] International Service for Human Rights, Human Rights Monitor Quarterly, Issue 2, 2012,  https://www.ishr.ch/sites/default/files/hrm/files/hrmq_april_2012.pdf (accessed November 8, 2017), p. 1. Progress can be painstakingly slow and marred by setbacks. Synonym Scramble: A fun ... responds appropriately when corrected. [183] Luiza Toscane, « ‘Être homophobe n’est pas révolutionnaire’ – Les luttes LGBTIQ dans l’orbite du processus révolutionnaire arabe, » Europe Solidaire Sans Frontieres, March 8, 2017, https://www.europe-solidaire.org/spip.php?article40519#nh1 (accessed October 13, 2017). [86] No Egyptian activists circulated petitions calling for their release. He must be the smartest scientist in the lab. [222] EIPR has little hope that a new CAT condemnation of forced anal exams will change the Egyptian government’s virulently anti-LGBT track record overnight, but hopes that it will contribute to building a norm among medical practitioners and the general public that forced anal exams are unacceptable, a norm that will eventually filter up to the state. [17] International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association: Carroll, A. and Mendos, L.R., State Sponsored Homophobia 2017: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition (Geneva; ILGA, May 2017), pp. Around 2002, it evolved into the organization Helem. Activists in Egypt have focused on providing physical security and shelter for LGBT people who had been rejected by their parents or were otherwise at risk. It’s about building the daily habits that allow you to stick to a schedule and overcome challenges and distractions over and over and over again. [16], Restrictions on freedom of association also pose obstacles to the work of LGBT groups. [1] Human Rights Watch, Dignity Debased: Forced Anal Examinations in Homosexuality Prosecutions, July 12, 2016, https://www.hrw.org/report/2016/07/12/dignity-debased/forced-anal-examinations-homosexuality-prosecutions; Human Rights Watch, “It’s Part of the Job”: Ill-treatment and Torture of Vulnerable Groups in Lebanese Police Stations, June 26, 2013, https://www.hrw.org/report/2013/06/26/its-part-job/ill-treatment-and-torture-vulnerable-groups-lebanese-police-stations; Human Rights Watch, “‘They Hunt us Down for Fun’: Discrimination and Police Violence Against Transgender Women in Kuwait, January 15, 2012, https://www.hrw.org/report/2012/01/15/they-hunt-us-down-fun/discrimination-and-police-violence-against-transgender-women; Human Rights Watch, “They Want Us Exterminated”: Murder, Torture, Sexual Orientation and Gender in Iraq, August 17, 2009, https://www.hrw.org/report/2009/08/17/they-want-us-exterminated/murder-torture-sexual-orientation-and-gender-iraq; Human Rights Watch, In a Time of Torture : The Assault on Justice In Egypt's Crackdown on Homosexual Conduct, February 29, 2004, https://www.hrw.org/report/2004/02/29/time-torture/assault-justice-egypts-crackdown-homosexual-conduct. Abdullah Al Busaidi, an Omani activist, has shared videos and photos on social media platforms, sharing his life as a gay refugee in Germany. ARC International, “Iraq,” http://arc-international.net/global-advocacy/universal-periodic-review/i/iraq/, Association Alouen and Mantiqitna, “Examen Périodique Universel,3, http://www.law.cuny.edu/academics/clinics/hrgj/publications/ICCPR-Iraq-Shadow-Report-LGBT-ENG.pdf. He said: “There were no out people at the time. (pseudonym), Beirut, October 1, 2017. A sexual orientation in which a person is sexually or romantically attracted to both women and men. Dalia Abdel Hameed of EIPR said: Nor was it possible in 2001, as it is in 2017, for Egyptian and regional activists to mobilize 50 organizations in a matter of days—most of them LGBT rights organizations from the Middle East and North Africa—to sign a statement opposing arbitrary arrests on the grounds of presumed sexual orientation or gender identity.[88]. [187] Human Rights Watch interview with Rayan A. [41] OutRight Action International, “First-Ever U.N. Security Council Briefing on Violence Against LGBTI People: Focus on ISIS in Iraq and Syria,” August 24, 2015, https://www.outrightinternational.org/content/first-ever-un-security-council-briefing-violence-against-lgbti-people-focus-isis-iraq-and (accessed November 8, 2017). [18] Human Rights Watch interview with Tarik H. (pseudonym), Akaliyat, Beirut, October 1, 2017. 43-46. To that end, I see it as my responsibility to equip you with the best information, ideas, and strategies for living healthier, becoming happier, and making a bigger impact with your life and work. As we were drafting this report, in September 2017, Egyptian security forces went into overdrive, arresting dozens following the display of a rainbow flag—a sign of solidarity with LGBT people—at a concert. [20] For an overview of recent developments with regard to transgender people’s access to legal gender recognition and gender affirming surgery in the Middle East and North Africa, see Brian Whitaker, “Transgender Issues in the Middle East,” Medium, July 26, 2016,  https://medium.com/@Brian_Whit/transgender-issues-in-the-middle-east-af5fc5782d1e (accessed November 8, 2017). They don’t miss assignments. [9] In 2016, police arrested 30 people at a private party at a swimming pool, accused them of being “the third sex,” and charged them with public indecency.[10]. 35-38. 46. [131] Human Rights Watch interview with Layal M. (pseudonym), Beirut, September 29, 2017. [19], None of the states covered in this report provide a standardized procedure by which transgender people can legally change their gender marker on official documents, nor do any provide for gender categories other than “female” or “male.” This leaves transgender and gender non-conforming people vulnerable to harassment every time they need to present their documents and to arrest under laws that criminalize same-sex relations. She explained: An activist in Egypt told Human Rights Watch her organization is focusing on “holistic security,” including “digital security, digital clinics, emotional and psychological well-being, personal safety, sexual health services, protection, sheltering, inside and outside the country.”[107] Indeed, there are many ways in which LGBT activists need to keep themselves, and ordinary LGBT people, safe. Since the 2013 military takeover, Egypt has systematically sought to silence dissenting voices—massacring protestors,[83] arresting political activists, blocking websites,[84] and passing a law regulating non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that rights activists have described as a “death warrant” for independent civil society.[85]. A sexual orientation in which a female is primarily sexually or romantically attracted to other females.

Thus, two people doing LGBT rights work in Jordan were originally from Iraq, and two people originally from Sudan were working primarily in Egypt. September 29, 2017. In 2001, no major human rights organization in Egypt was willing to stand up for the Queen Boat detainees. [98] “Conjoint Statement,” undated (2016), on file with Human Rights Watch. Mentally tough leaders are more consistent than their peers. [23] Anealla Safdar, “Transgender ruling in Lebanon an 'empowering' moment,” Al Jazeera, February 6, 2017, http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2016/02/transgender-ruling-lebanon-empowering-moment-160206125311413.html (accessed November 8, 2017). 43-46. A rival, the Interim Government, based in the eastern cities of al-Bayda and Tobruk, controls large swathes of eastern Libya, with the exception of Derna, and parts of the south. [31] The rise of the organization known as Islamic State (also known as ISIS), which killed dozens of gay men, as discussed below, has been credited in part to its ability to “fill the power vacuum created by failing states” in the wake of the 2011 uprisings.[32]. press (third-person singular simple present presses, present participle pressing, simple past and past participle pressed or prest), press n (definite singular presset, indefinite plural press, definite plural pressa or pressene), press n (definite singular presset, indefinite plural press, definite plural pressa), Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary, to indicate that a story is being printed, a press, crowd, anything that presses or confines, From another point of view, it was a place without a soul.

It is unclear whether doctors in Tripoli continue to conduct forced anal examinations. [179] http://muscatconfidential.blogspot.co.ke/2010/02/stop-press-new-omani-blog-community.html. These actions in response to the crackdown reflect a sea change, not just in Egypt, but in the region. This report was produced in close consultation with the Arab Foundation for Freedoms and Equality (AFE). [28] The Federal Appeal Court rejected their request in March 2018. [170] Human Rights Watch, “Morocco: Victims of Attack Jailed for ‘Homosexual Acts’,” April 8, 2016, https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/04/08/morocco-victims-attack-jailed-homosexual-acts. Middle English pressen (“to crowd, thring, press”), from Old French presser (“to press”) (Modern French presser) from Latin pressāre, from pressus, past participle of premere "to press". Even LGBT people whose immediate family members were aware and accepting of their sexuality or gender identity told Human Rights Watch that family members urged them not to share this aspect of themselves with the extended family, the community, or the general public. Competitors in the National Spelling Bee outperform their peers not because of IQ, but because of their grit and commitment to more consistent practice.

Samar A., a queer activist in Jordan, produces plays, mostly one-woman shows, on themes related to sexuality and gender identity, many of them based on true stories. In some parts of the Middle East and North Africa, intolerant forms of religious fundamentalism have set back women’s rights, sexual freedoms, and religious diversity in recent years. [108] In Iraq, in response to killings and torture by the Asa’ib Ahl al-Haq and other non-state actors, an organization provides temporary shelter for LGBT people who have to flee their areas of residence because of threats. [193] Human Rights Watch interview with Genwa Samhat, Helem, Beirut, March 29, 2016; Legal Agenda and Helem, Al-Agha Bathhouse: A Raid from Another Age, undated (2015), on file with Human Rights Watch.
Here are the basic steps for building a new habit and links to further information on doing each step. But activists demonstrate creativity and dynamism even in such challenging contexts, training LGBT people on how to digitally protect themselves from police surveillance and entrapment and galvanizing international pressure on their government, a tool which they employ cautiously, often reserving it for human rights emergencies. Intended to show teachers how their approaches to the teaching of writing reflect a particular area of research and to show researchers how the intuitions of teachers reflect research findings, the articles in this book are classified ... General English For Competitive Examinations - Page 114 In Baghdad, where LGBT groups cannot have a public presence due to the risk of violence, partnerships with other human rights organizations have also been essential to carrying out day-to-day work. Protests in Al Hoceima, a city in Morocco’s Rif region, sprang from an incident in October 2016, in which a fishmonger was killed while trying to rescue his goods that authorities had just confiscated. If you haven’t pushed yourself in thousands of small ways, of course you’ll wilt when things get really difficult. LGBT activists in the Middle East and North Africa have recently begun to make use of international advocacy opportunities, including during the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) process at the UN Human Rights Council, where every country’s human rights record is evaluated by fellow member states every four to five years. The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows [98] The girls were eventually acquitted.[99]. They do this to all kinds of human rights activists, but it has a different impact on LGBT activists because it can out them to their families. Forced anal exams have been condemned by numerous UN agencies and the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights as a form of torture or cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, dismissed by forensic medicine experts as bad science, and called unethical by the World Medical Association. EIPR published a report in November 2017 documenting human rights violations against LGBT people in Egypt, which Abdel Hameed said hoped would shift public opinion: “Part of advocacy is changing people’s attitudes, and that will pressure the government to end the crackdown.”[160], When mainstream media is beholden to the state, however, it can be difficult to sustain this kind of progress, and it remains to be seen whether some Egyptian media outlets will remain open to positive coverage of LGBT people or be cowed by regulators. Activists, who in many cases are working to provide support networks for LGBT people, including victims of human rights abuses, may feel a strong sense of pride in both their own identities and in their work on behalf of LGBT communities, but they face constant reminders that their sense of pride is not shared by some of the people closest to them. “Intersex” originated as a medical term and has been reclaimed by some as a personal and political identity. In September 2017, it relaunched on a new platform, in both Arabic and English, using technology that makes it more difficult for the government to block it.[150]. [68] The magnitude of family and social stigma was a challenge for activists interviewed by Human Rights Watch regardless of whether their governments actively persecuted LGBT people. the press (newspapers, journalism as a branch of society). [220] In September, the government formally accepted a recommendation to end the exams, its human rights minister commenting that Tunisia is "committed to protecting the sexual minority from any form of stigmatisation, discrimination and violence.”[221], Inspired by the Tunisian example, the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights plans to engage with the UN Committee Against Torture (CAT). See the Annex for information on Bahrain’s penal code. © 2018 Human Rights Watch. An activist working with Chouf, a feminist organization in Tunisia that works with women of all sexualities, said: “The feminist movement in Tunisia was not previously gay-friendly, but it’s changed. press (countable and uncountable, plural presses). Bird by Bird: Some Instructions on Writing and Life James Clear writes about habits, decision making, and continuous improvement. [89] It means that in Tunisia, LGBT organizations have been able to build a coalition of 37 organizations, including many feminist groups, that have united in support of equality for women and LGBT people.[90]. While most were working in their countries of origin, several had left for reasons of safety or in pursuit of opportunities, while others were engaged in regional work or had a foot in two different countries. [1] It also relies on desk-based research, including review of reports and websites of activist groups working in the region and studies on the history of LGBT organizing in the region. September 29, 2017. Violent extremists have targeted gay men, transgender women and gender non-conforming people in several countries in the region. [50] IraQueer et. The government failed to act against the killings, which targeted non-conformist young people, including but not limited to people perceived to be LGBT. See also Human Rights Watch, This Alien Legacy: The Origins of “Sodomy” Laws in British Colonialism, December 2008, https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/lgbt1208_webwcover.pdf. AFE intends to continue engaging with the African Commission on the rights of LGBT people throughout the region.[225]. Elie Ballan, an activist with M-Coalition in Beirut, told Human Rights Watch that in Lebanon, open discussion of LGBT rights first grew out of discussions starting in the late 1990s about the HIV crisis and the need to target key populations for prevention and treatment, including MSM (a term used by HIV service providers to include not only men who identify as gay or bisexual, but also those who may not affirm such identities but nevertheless engage in same-sex relations). Sexual orientation of a person whose primary sexual and romantic attractions are toward people of the same sex. They approach their work like a pro, not an amateur. For more information, see the Annex. [44] The Mahdi army was allied with the government at the time. [216] Algeria Review, 27th Session of Universal Periodic Review, May 7, 2017, Chapter 73, H.E. It was an audacious action in a country that, under President al-Sisi, has developed a reputation for severe oppression of LGBT people. [144] See https://medium.com/my-kali-magazine. On February 20, 2011, I found myself in the street alongside thousands of other young Moroccans, chanting “freedom, justice, dignity, equality!” out loud, for the first time. This is sometimes done through convoluted language, as in Libya, which describes sex outside marriage as “sexual assault upon a person with that person's consent.”[4]. The Pocket Oxford Dictionary and Thesaurus - Page 429 [209] Written exchange on Facebook messenger between Human Rights Watch and Badr Baabou, Damj, October 18, 2017. Don’t worry about the tenth.” Probably thousands for most people, including myself. It produced me. MantiQitna, another regional network established in 2010 has coordinated multi-country campaigns such as “Our Colours Are Our Crime,” discussed below. [91] Georges Azzi, “History of the LGBT movement in Lebanon,” G-AZZI (blog), December 21, 2011, https://gazzi.wordpress.com/2011/12/21/history-of-the-lgbt-movement-in-lebanon-3/ (accessed November 17, 2017). Duckworth studies achievement, and more specifically, how your mental toughness, perseverance, and passion impact your ability to achieve goals.

An umbrella term that refers to a range of traits and conditions that cause individuals to be born with chromosomes, gonads, and/or genitals that vary from what is considered typical for female or male bodies. [4] Zina and other “moral” offenses violate international human rights law, as do the punishments associated with them, such as stoning or flogging. 8/30/21: Updates were made to the Background section of this report and to the Annex to reflect amendments to Articles 356 and 358 of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) penal code. Activism is often most effective when it has a public face, one that the general population can relate to. Georges Azzi of the Arab Foundation for Freedom and Equality (AFE) also provided feedback on the report, and the AFE partnered with Human Rights Watch in producing a series of videos associated with this report, available at https://www.hrw.org/no-longer-alone. It is based primarily on Human Rights Watch interviews with 34 activists working on the rights of LGBT people in these countries. 6(1); Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Telecom Act, Issued under the Council of Ministers resolution No. People started saying, “Why not start showing up and being visible and asking for our rights.” In protests, people were just being themselves and feeling more comfortable. [76], Thus began a vicious crackdown on LGBT people and their allies. [164] Human Rights Watch interview with Ahmed B. In Morocco courts have convicted perpetrators of SOGI-based violence. [96] Human Rights Watch telephone interview with Aaliyah D. (pseudonym), August 2, 2017.

[6] The United Arab Emirates has a federal system, with one overarching federal penal code that exists alongside separate penal codes applicable in each emirate. 30, No.1, January 1994, pp.79-90.

[42] Human Rights Watch interview with a Syrian activist, Beirut, October 1, 2017. Human Rights Watch has documented many such violations, ranging from extrajudicial killings to mass arrests to censorship of pro-LGBT speech, and will continue to do so. See more. In Lebanon courts have rejected an interpretation of “unnatural offenses” as including same-sex sexual acts (although the relevant court cases have not created binding legal precedent).

Activists in the countries that are the focus of this report must contend with state hostility, to varying degrees. Haneen Maikey of alQaws explained: To mark the International Day Against Homophobia and Transphobia (IDAHOT) in May 2017, the regional MantiQitna network coordinated a multi-country social media initiative called “Our Colours Are the Crime” which addressed “persecution, violence in public spaces and on the streets just for existing” in Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Sudan, and Tunisia. Duckworth and her colleagues heard similar stories when they started interviewing top performers in all fields…. Mental toughness comes down to your habits. Many think that these LGBT human rights violations are not as dangerous as other attacks committed by radical Islamic groups. A person’s sense of attraction to, or sexual desire for, individuals of the same sex, another sex, both, or neither. In 2010, a blog called Community Queer was blocked to users within Oman, although it was unblocked soon after. [145] Human Rights Watch interview with Khalid Abdel-Hadi, Beirut. [33] Hossam Bahgat, “Explaining Egypt's Targeting of Gays,” Middle East Research and Information Project, July 23, 2001, http://www.merip.org/mero/mero072301 (accessed October 7, 2017). It’s about your dedication to daily practice and your ability to stick to a schedule. In 2010, Iraq became the first predominantly Arab country to accept UPR recommendations related to sexual orientation and gender identity, including recommendations to “address extrajudicial killings of persons on the basis of their actual or presumed sexual orientation.”[212] In 2014 Iraq accepted a recommendation to “avoid all forms of discrimination based on ethnicity, religion, gender or sexual orientation.”[213]. [93] Brian Whitaker, Unspeakable Love: Gay and Lesbian Life in the Middle East, Saqi Books, August 11, 2011. (pseudonym), Beirut, September 29, 2017; see also Le Collectif pour les Libertés Individuelles, https://www.facebook.com/Le-collectif-pour-les-libert%C3%A9s-individuelles-1083565965010495/. 6(k). Abdullah al Busaidi was involved in creating such spaces in Oman. [170] One of the perpetrators filmed the attack and uploaded the footage on YouTube. Videos available at: http://www.alqaws.org/7amleh/English (accessed November 8, 2017). However, the risk of arrest for groups of LGBT people living together in Egypt, particularly after the September 2017 rainbow flag incident, made establishing more formal shelters a challenge. [90] Human Rights Watch interviews with Rabia B., Beirut, September 29, 2017, and with Suhayla Bensaid, Abidjan, December 7, 2017. Displaced native Middle English thring (“press, crowd, throng”) (from Old English þring (“a press, crowd, anything that presses or confines”)).
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