However, during World War II Simjian’s Optical Range Estimation Trainer, a flight simulator made from mirrors, several light sources as well as miniature airplanes. modifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata. [8] In 1929 he applied for patent for the "Pose-reflecting system for photographic apparatus. Transactions were initiated by inserting paper cheques issued by a teller or cashier, marked with carbon-14 for machine readability and security, which in a later model were matched with a six-digit personal identification number (PIN). [4][6] The company grew exponentially to manufacture the orders for this trainer with the number of employees rising from three to over 100 and to 250 by 1950. All this allowed only a limited use for the customers of the respective financial institution operating the ATM. The photographed person could see and improve their own image in a mirror before the photo was taken. [4] Under his leadership, the company achieved "significant commercial success. Adrian Ashfield invented the basic idea of a card combining the key and user’s identity in February 1962. "[4], Simjian avoided publicity and never became a public figure. This instance of the invention is credited to the engineering team led by John Shepherd-Barron of printing firm De La Rue. [4] Within the booth, people could see the "reflexive production of images of the self in real time. "[5] Hayward argued that his "career as an inventor highlights the extent to which the optical retains significance in the contemporary era. Luther est venu avec Luther George Simjian l’idée de créer un « trou dans le mur machine » qui permettrait aux clients d’effectuer des transactions financières. [5], Simjian began working as a technician at the Yale School of Medicine in a work-study position at the photography lab. His mother, Josephine (née Zaharian) died when he was only a few months old. [4][3] He headed it until 1934. In New York City, Luther Simjian self-posing portrait camera. Luther George Simjian (January 28, 1905 – October 23, 1997) was an Armenian-American inventor and entrepreneur. [4] It was the "first flight simulator of its kind. The separate scans could also be sent through a wire to another location for analysis. [4] He also revisited and improved some of his earlier inventions. This was granted UK Patent 959,713 for “Access Controller” in June 1964 and assigned to W. S. Atkins & Partners who employed Ashfield. The inventor was able to sell more than 2000 of these devices. [1] It allowed the "subject to look into a mirror and see the framed pose the camera would take. [4] In 1915, during the Armenian Genocide, the Simjian family fled to Aleppo, Syria, only to return to Aintab in 1920. Simjian founded Photoreflex to sell the camera and later sold the invention. The device was dismantled after half a year of trial operation. "[3], Simjian held a patent on the teleprompter. One of Simjian’s most famous inventions is the Bankmatic Automated Teller Machine. MIT - Inventor of the Week, Luther Simjian, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luther_George_Simjian&oldid=167704408, Wikipédia:ébauche personnalité arménienne, Portail:Biographie/Articles liés/Sciences, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. "[31] Hayward notes that Simjian's role in the invention of the ATM is disputed, however, he is recognized as the "inventor of a photomechanical automated banking terminal," popularly known as the Bankograph. He founded multiple companies and kept inventing further devices including a teleprompter, medical ultrasound devices, a remote-controlled postage meter, a golf simulator and a meat tenderizer. [30] He introduced it to the wider public in 1961,[4][38] when it was placed in a few City Bank of New York bank lobbies for six months. The first functioning ATM was built in 1939 by Simjian and put into operation in the early 1960s as a bankograph by the City Bank of New York. "[3] In 2001 BAE Systems sold the subsidiary to CAE Inc. (Canadian Aviation Electronics) for $80 million. The reasons for this were the technical design of the devices, the inadequate security and the insufficient information capacity of the card used. [3][19] After his death, he was compared to Thomas Edison. [18] It was a "mechanism used for training aviators in identifying aircraft or ships, in determining the speed of movement of aircraft, direction of movement, and other related factors that are important in combat flying. [3][25] For this, Simjian is often considered the inventor of the ATM[26][b] or the one who first came up with the idea. has been credited with developing this “prior art device”. He eventually sold the rights to the PhotoReflex camera and name but reserved the rights to use the technology for non-photographic applications. [3][2] During his seven-decade long career as a professional inventor, Simjian received over 200 American and foreign patents. The chair was marketed as Reflectone Mirror Chair and was a "small commercial success. Luther George Simjian (Armenian:Լյութեր Ջորջ Սիմջյան)(January 28, 1905 in Ottoman Empire – October 23, 1997) was an Armenian-American inventor of numerous devices and owner of over 200 patents. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 23 février 2020 à 00:07. En 1939, il conçoit l'idée de l'Automated Teller Machine (ATM) ou guichet automatique bancaire[2] en français, certainement son invention la plus fameuse. He decided to apply the new technology of television to X-ray images. [7] It "changed the whole photography industry," but he did not "receive much money for his autofocusing invention, but he did get publicity. [4][3] He applied for patent in June 1931 and was granted one for the "Self-focusing camera" in July 1932. [3][4], Simjian spoke Arabic, French and English. "[32] Konheim described it as "perhaps the first ATM"[39] and "an early and not-very-successful prototype of an ATM. Luther G. Simjian was a prolific inventor and pioneer in the concept of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs). "[31] The New York Times wrote in 1998 that it was his most famous invention and "the basis for the now-ubiquitous A.T.M., from which he never made a penny. [3][4][27] Simjian wrote in his autobiography: "It seems the only people who were using the machines were a small number of prostitutes and gamblers who didn't want to deal with tellers face to face. "[4], During World War II, Simjian invented a training apparatus for aviators. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. [3] He noted: "One thing I discovered about myself in the early days of my life is that I can't stick with just one idea for too long. His more than 200 inventions also included the TelePrompter, a self-posing portrait camera, automatic postage metering equipment, and an indoor golf practice range. Inventions include Medical photography systems, Autofocus camera, Automatic Developing machine, Automatic Teller Machine (ATM), Military flight simulator, Postage Meter and many other things. Victor Moritz Goldschmidt and the Origins of Geochemistry, Abdus Salam’s Electroweak Unifying Theory, Samuel W. Alderson and the Crash Test Dummies, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar and the Evolution of Stars, Seymour Cray – the Father of Supercomputing, William Friedman and the Art of Cryptology. Your email address will not be published. [30] According to Konheim, Simjian "came up with the idea of creating a 'hole-in-the wall machine' that would allow customers to make financial transactions. While initially having been inclined to pursue medical education, he eventually decided to pursue photography. While he was born in Turkey, he was of Armenian descent. En dépit du scepticisme des banques, il enregistre alors 20 brevets et développe des mécanismes et principes qu'il est possible de retrouver dans les machines actuelles. I. "[4] Also during his time at Reflectone, Simjian invented a method to develop a photo "immediately while still preserving the negative. The company discontinued its use due to limited appeal. Your email address will not be published. [34] It was covered by the New York Times, which described it as a "robot bank teller that gives the depositor a picture of the money he puts in. military. [5] Simjian self-published Portions of an Autobiography in 1997 just before his death. [3] His most significant inventions were a pioneering flight simulator, arguably the first ATM and improvement to the teleprompter. [4], In 1939 Simjian founded Reflectone Corporation (later renamed to Reflectone Electronics, Inc.)[4] in Stamford, Connecticut, to develop and manufacture his inventions. [2] The invention of the teleprompter is usually credited to Hubert Schlafly, an engineer working with CBS and Fred Barton, an actor, who developed a mechanical cueing device in the 1950s. Il a déposé plus de 200 brevets de son vivant. [4] The War Department credited the device "with having contributed to the success of the air war." "[4] To manufacture the new product, Simjian collaborated with Sperry Gyroscope to set up PhotoReflex, a company named after the camera itself. [3][6] He served as president and chairman of Reflectone until he sold the company to Universal Match Corporation in 1961. [4] Simjian fled to Beirut, then to France and eventually to the United States by the end of 1920. He spoke English with a "thick accent. He first settled in New Haven, Connecticut, living with an uncle. This way, Luther Simjian missed out the financial success and fame of inventing the ATM. [19], Reflectone moved its operations to Tampa, Florida in 1980 and was sold to BAE Systems (British Aerospace) for $90 million in 1997,[3] and renamed BAE Systems Flight Simulation and Training. However, his plans were disrupted by World War II as the focus of production shifted from commercial to military. "The user could sit in front of a vanity mirror, rotate on this chair and continue to see the back of her head while keeping both hands free." "[9][10] It was covered early on by the Popular Science magazine in 1929. This transformed the field of X-ray technology. "[3] He filed for patent in February 1943 and was granted a patent for it in January 1946. It turned out that most people using the machines were apparently (according to Simjian) prostitutes and gamblers who didn’t want to deal with tellers face to face. À cette absence de succès commercial vient s'ajouter le fait que le mérite de l'invention du guichet automatique bancaire revient souvent à John Shepherd-Barron qui inventa le premier guichet automatique bancaire électronique. Specifically his 132nd patent (US3079603), which was first filed on 30 June 1960 (and granted 26 February 1963). [4] His eyesight declined significantly in his last years. [4] His "Apparatus for collecting an article for deposit" (filed in 1958) was granted in late March 1960. [5][3][44], Friedberg described his life as "a bona fide American success story". There are no hard international or government-compiled numbers totaling the complete number of ATMs in use worldwide. [11][12][13][14], The self-photographing camera led to the invention of the autofocus (self-focusing) camera by Simjian.