[11] Hybrid plastic railroad ties and composite ties are used in other rail applications such as underground mining operations,[15] industrial zones, humid environments and densely populated areas. Manufacture Process, Properties, Disadvantage, and Advantages, Types of bunker and silo in civil engineering, Effect of Dampness, Source, 3 types, Reduce dampness in House. Normally, railway sleepers can be classified into several types based on different materials. They consist of two pots or plates with rib and connected by wrought iron tie bar of section of about 2″ ½”    each pot or plate is placed below each rail. Running of the train is not smooth when this type of sleepers is used. They can also be used to give more structure by creating retaining walls or edging, an ideal replacement for brick or stone. Plate sleepers consist of rectangular plates of size about 2′ – 10′ x 1′ – 0″. [27] For curves the three-point contact of a Y steel tie means that an exact geometric fit cannot be observed with a fixed attachment point. They are in the form of inverted channels with folded ends.

The pot is oval in shape with larger diameter 2′-0″ and smaller diameter 1′-8″ is preferred. You have entered an incorrect email address! Types of Railway Sleepers:- Sleepers are the components of the railway track on which the rails are supported and fixed to transfer and fixed to transfer to loads to the ballast and subgrade.. [37] This tie type is in common use in France,[38] and are used on the high-speed TGV lines. Railway sleepers are hugely versatile, perfect for creating a garden border or raised features. The life of sleepers is much more than that of a sleeper but is costlier. The initial cost of construction is higher but the maintenance cost is almost negligible. Their greater weight ensures improved retention of track geometry, especially when installed with continuous-welded rail. Projecting ribs are provided at the bottom of each plate sleeper for lateral stability. A railroad tie, crosstie (American English), railway tie (Australian and Canadian English) or railway sleeper (British English) is a rectangular support for the rails in railroad tracks. Traditionally, the ties sold for this purpose are decommissioned ties taken from rail lines when replaced with new ties, and their lifespan is often limited due to rot. [28], As of 2006 less than 1,000 km (621 mi) of Y-tie track had been built, of which approximately 90 percent is in Germany. Advantages include increased lateral resistance and lower weight than monobloc concrete ties, as well as elimination of damage from torsional forces on the ties center due to the more flexible steel connections. They consist of 864X305 mm rectangular plates. The steel sleeper is found to crack at the corner of the hole which is left by the pressing up of lags. [28] This system is in use in Austria;[28] in the Austrian system the track is fastened at the four corners of the frame, and is also supported midway along the frame. [6] Softwood is treated, while creosote is the most common preservative for railway ties, preservatives are also sometimes used such as pentachlorophenol, chromated copper arsenate and a few other preservatives. R.C.C and pre-stressed concrete sleepers are now replacing all other types of sleepers except to some special circumstances such as crossing bridges etc here timber sleepers are used.

They can also withstand high stress. [26], The ZSX Twin tie is manufactured by Leonhard Moll Betonwerke GmbH & Co KG and is a pair of two pre-stressed concrete ties longitudinally connected by four steel rods. R.C.C and pre-stressed concrete sleepers are now replacing all other types of sleepers except to some special circumstances such as crossing bridges etc here timber sleepers are used. Compared to conventional ties the volume of ballast required is reduced due to the load-spreading characteristics of the Y-tie. Some entrepreneurs sell new ties. They are connected together by a tie bar with necessary fitting such as keys, Gibs, and cotters. It should be neither too heavy nor too light.
They are easy to lay, pack, lift, and maintain. Wooden ties can catch fire; as they age they develop cracks that allow sparks to lodge and more easily start fires.

In railway use with ever heavier locomotives, it was found that it was hard to maintain the correct gauge. Generally laid perpendicular to the rails, ties transfer loads to the track ballast and subgrade, hold the rails upright and keep them spaced to the correct gauge. Modern steel ties handle heavy loads, have a proven record of performance in signalized track, and handle adverse track conditions. They maintain a perfect gauge and offer sufficient bearing area on the sleepers. Notably, steel ties (bearers) have proven themselves over the last few decades to be advantageous in turnouts (switches/points) and provide the solution to the ever-growing problem of long timber ties for such use. Due to the presence of wood preservatives such as coal tar, creosote or salts of heavy metals, railroad ties introduce an extra element of soil pollution into gardens and are avoided by many property owners. These sleepers have been used at rail joints in conjunction with C.S.T 9sleeper. They edgers of the sleeper do not get damaged due to packing or tamping. They are about twice the price of the recycled product. The Spanish artist Agustín Ibarrola has used recycled ties from Renfe in several projects. There are many kinds of wood that can be used as the railroad sleeper in the world, but not every kind of wood can be used. The salient features of timber/wooden sleepers with advantages and disadvantages. Types of sleepers, Characteristics, Functions, Types of curves in surveying|Definition of curves, What is Superelevation?