[8] Madame de Montespan had not been invited to the wedding of her daughter. After the fall of the monarchy, Philippe risked his own life by saving persons under suspicion by the revolutionary regime — in particular, and at the request of Grace Elliott, he saved the life of Louis René Quentin de Richebourg de Champcenetz, the governor of the Tuileries Palace, who was his personal enemy. He had been chosen by the Safavid Persian emperor Sultan Husayn for the mission and travelled with a grand entourage, as suitable to the diplomat of a mighty empire. After his grandfather's death in 1752, Philippe inherited the title of Duke of Chartres. ", Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Chartres, Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre, Marguerite Françoise Bouvier de la Mothe de Cépoy, Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau, "The French Royal Family: Titles and Customs", http://www.heraldica.org/topics/france/frroyal.htm#sang, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth, Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau, List of people associated with the French Revolution, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orléans&oldid=982032474, Deputies to the French National Convention, French people executed by guillotine during the French Revolution, Recipients of the Order of the Holy Spirit, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from April 2017, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. After the death of Orléans (December 1723), Louis appointed as his first minister Louis-Henri, duc de Bourbon-Condé, who cancelled the Spanish betrothal and married the…. [19] The King's reluctance to grant Philippe a position in the army after his loss at the Battle of Ushant is said to be another reason for Philippe's discontent with the King.[10]. Philip was the first Bourbon king of Spain, the country's present ruling house. Excepting their first child, a stillborn daughter, they had five children: The Duke was a well-known womanizer and, like his ancestors Louis XIV of France and Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, had several illegitimate children. Philippe favoured Jansenism which, despite papal condemnation, was accepted by the French bishops, and he revoked Louis XIV's compliance with the bull Unigenitus. Her dowry was of 4 million livres. Philippe was born fourth in line to the throne, coming after Louis, Dauphin of France, his own father, and his older brother. The regent governed from his Parisian residence, the Palais-Royal. ", Albert Soboul, Dictionnaire Historique de la Rév. On 6 June 1769, Louis Philippe married Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon at the Chapel of the Palace of Versailles. Each course of study taught the duc de Chartres the "principles" or "elements" of a subject. As the second living son of his parents, his birth was not greeted with the enthusiasm the Duke of Valois had received in 1673.[2]:9. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. At the death of his father, Louis Philippe d'Orléans, in 1785, he inherited the title of Duke of Orléans and also became the Premier prince du sang, title attributed to the Prince of the Blood closest to the throne after the Sons and Grandsons of France. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). After the Third Estate broke from the Estates-General in the Tennis Court Oath and created the National Assembly, Philippe was one of the first to break from the Estates-General and join the National Assembly. Passionate at first, the liaison cooled within a few months and, by the spring of 1773, was reported to be "dead". As the new Duke of Orléans, one of the many estates Philippe inherited from his father was the Palais-Royal, which became known as the Palais-Égalité in 1792,[14] because he opened up its doors to all people of France, regardless of their estate (class). [10] A majority (75 votes) was necessary to indict the King, and an overwhelming number of 394 votes were collected in favor of his death. Upon the death of the prince de Condé in 1709, the rank of Premier Prince du Sang passed from the House of Condé to the House of Orléans. The previous day there had been a formal engagement party at Versailles. He circulated pamphlets, which the Abbé Sieyès had drawn up at his request, in every bailliage. She was the daughter of his cousin, Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre, one of the richest men in France. Months before the death of Louis XIV, Philippe was present at the Persian embassy to Louis XIV. After him, the term Orléanist came to be attached to the movement in France that favored a constitutional monarchy. In 1717 he entrusted the reform of French finances to a Scottish banker, John Law, whose innovations led to a financial disaster three years later that severely discredited Orléans’s regime. Philippe d'Orléans subsequently tried to keep himself distant from the political world, but he was still suspect to the King and subject to pressures from his partisans to replace Louis XVI. During the summer of 1772, the Duke began his secret liaison with one of his wife's ladies-in-waiting, Stéphanie Félicité, comtesse de Genlis, the niece of Madame de Montesson, the morganatic wife of Philippe's father. After some successes of the French marshal, the Duke of Berwick, in Spain, and of the imperial troops in Sicily, Philip V made peace with the regent (1720). Since it was certain that his wife would become the richest woman in France upon the death of her father, Louis Philippe was able to play a political role in court equal to that of his great-grandfather Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, who had been the Regent of France during the minority of Louis XV. His favourite lover, the Countess of Buffon, however, would not go with him, so he decided to remain in Paris. His son Louis Philippe d'Orléans became King of the French after the July Revolution of 1830. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957. [12] Shortly after the September Massacres in 1792,[17] he changed his surname to Égalité, ("equality" in English). He then proceeded to institute an experimental system of conciliar government—known as la polysynodie—designed to destroy the authority of the secretaries of state and restore political power to the high nobility. One of the most astounding events occurred when Philippe took a vote in favor of Louis XVI's execution. He was also the Grand Master of the Masonic Grand Orient de France from 1771 to 1793, though he did not attend a meeting of the Grand Orient until 1777. Reversing his uncle's policies again, Philippe formed an alliance with Great Britain, Austria, and the Netherlands, and fought a successful war against Spain that established the conditions of a European peace. Months before the death of Louis XIV, Philippe was present at the Persian embassy to Louis XIV. As Philippe spread power and positions to the people around him, his movement lost some of his original ideology. Mohammed Reza Beg was a high-ranking official to the Persian governor of the Yerevan province (Armenia). [12] Many members of the National Assembly claimed that the Palais-Royal was the "birthplace of the Revolution."