1. For the Soviet republic, see, "Tojikiston" redirects here. endstream endobj 381 0 obj <>/Metadata 44 0 R/Outlines 402 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/PageMode/UseOutlines/Pages 376 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/StructTreeRoot 61 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 382 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 2/Type/Page>> endobj 383 0 obj <>stream Russia and Iran focused on keeping peace in the warring nation to decrease the chance of U.S. and Turkey involvement. Within the Soviet Union, the country's modern borders were drawn when it was part of Uzbekistan as an autonomous republic before becoming a full-fledged Soviet republic in 1929. [67], Almost immediately after independence, Tajikistan was plunged into a civil war that saw various factions fighting one another. The Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Religion and Religious Organizations" was established December 1, 1994, and amended in 1997. The proposed route would go through the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the eastern part of the country. [69], Tajikistan is officially a republic, and holds elections for the presidency and parliament, operating under a presidential system. [90] Other energy resources include sizeable coal deposits and smaller reserves of natural gas and petroleum. Total area is the sum of land and water areas within international boundaries and coastlines of Tajikistan. Russian Orthodox is the next most practiced religion, claiming 2.6% of the population. Real disturbances did not occur within the republic until 1990. [73], In the Economist's democracy index report of 2020, Tajikistan is placed 160th, just after Saudi Arabia, as an "authoritarian regime". By proceeding to use this page you approve our Cookie policy. Two rounds of Stalin's purges (1927–1934 and 1937–1938) resulted in the expulsion of nearly 10,000 people, from all levels of the Communist Party of Tajikistan. On June 28, 2007 representatives of 22 minority religious groups, including Baháʼís, Catholics, Baptists, Seventh-Day Adventists, Lutherans, Pentecostals and other Protestant denominations, signed an open letter to the President and Parliament expressing concern that the draft law would effectively outlaw minority religious groups in the country. The information about original data source is available only to Professional users. [20] Some authors have also suggested that in the 7th and 6th century BC, parts of modern Tajikistan, including territories in the Zeravshan valley, formed part of Kambojas before it became part of the Achaemenid Empire. Quick data summaries and visualizations on trending industry, political, and socioeconomic topics from Knoema’s database. He said that Jehovah's Witnesses must receive permission from the committee prior to importing religious literature and provide samples of the literature to the committee. An estimated 97 percent of citizens consider themselves Muslims, although the degree of religious observance varies widely. An estimated 5,000 Salafis practice in Dushanbe without interference from other Muslims or the Government. [41] Soviet collectivisation policy brought violence against peasants and forced resettlement occurred throughout Tajikistan. On July 26, 2006, the Tursonzade City Court convicted and issued a fine to a member of the Jehovah's Witnesses for conducting religious education without a permit. [citation needed], On April 2, 2007, Dushanbe city government officials shut down a religious celebration of Jehovah's Witnesses that more than 1,000 people attended. [citation needed], Tajikistan has one major airline (Somon Air) and is also serviced by over a dozen foreign airlines. [33], The Kushan Empire, a collection of Yuezhi tribes, took control of the region in the first century CE and ruled until the 4th century CE during which time Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism were all practised in the region. [citation needed], Unconfirmed reports suggest that the Tajikistan government has attempted to restrict the influence of two popular Islamic scholars[who?] The nation almost immediately fell into civil war that involved various factions fighting one another; these factions were often distinguished by clan loyalties. These factions were supported by foreign countries including Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, Uzbekistan and Russia. [citation needed], Tajikistan artisans created the Dushanbe Tea House, which was presented in 1988 as a gift to the sister city of Boulder, Colorado. Most of Tajikistan's population belongs to the Tajik ethnic group,[17] who speak Tajik (a dialect of Persian). There are 19 madrassahs at the college level, and one Islamic university. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sasanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire and the Mongol Empire. There were isolated cases of local government refusal to register religious groups in their areas, such as in the city of Tursonzade, where the DRA demanded local registration for a branch of the Jehovah's Witnesses in addition to their national registration. For centuries, the region that is now Tajikistan was occupied and invaded by several kingdoms and their armies. h�bbd``b`z "L���`9$���W>�`7�����,F� �/�I�g�� ` ��? Tajikistan is home to the Nurek Dam, the second highest dam in the world. [citation needed], It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. [152], Tajikistan has also one ski resort, called Safed Dara (formerly Takob), near the town of Varzob.[153]. Tajikistan's constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the government generally respects this right in practice; however, the government monitors the activities of religious institutions to keep them from becoming overtly political or espousing "extremist tendencies," and some local administrative offices have interpreted the term "secular state" to require a government bias against religion. In November 2006 the Government dissolved the State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and established the Department for Religious Affairs (DRA) within the Ministry of Culture. Khorugh, capital of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, is the location of highest altitude where bandy has been played. 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