But he was perhaps a bit too dignified to embrace the shameless displays that came naturally for the true cynics, such as public urination, even fornication. Zeno of Citium (The Stoic) (sometime called Zeno Apathea) (333 – 264 B.C.E.) Web. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2020) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. The ancient writer Diogenes Laertius (l.c.

Zeno of Citium (c. 336 – 265 BCE) was the founder of the Stoic School of philosophy in Athens, which taught that the Logos (Universal Reason) was the greatest good in life and living in accordance with reason was the meaning of life. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. The school was named for the stoa ( or "porch") that Zeno used as his teaching platform. Mark has lived in Greece and Germany and traveled through Egypt. King Antigonus of Macedonia often attended his lectures and eventually invited him to be his advisor, but Zeno sent two of his followers in his place. Instead of pleasure, one should court reason and recognize that all things are impermanent and without lasting value. King Antigonus of Macedonia, who used to listen to Zeno’s lectures, enjoyed his company and often took him along to social engagements, from which he would quietly slip away. Nothing terrible has befallen you!" They say that the first inclination which an animal has is to protect itself, as nature brings herself to take an interest in it from the beginning, as Chrysippus affirms in the first book of his treatise on Ends; where he says, that the first and dearest object to every animal is its own existence, and its consciousness of that existence. In logic and the theory of knowledge he was influenced by Antisthenes and Diodorus Cronus, in physics by Heracleitus. When Crates saw Zeno trying to hide the jar from view, he rapped it sharply with his cane and broke it, so that the lentil soup ran down Zeno’s legs.

Virtue was good, everything else was vice and therefore evil. A Phoenician dedication to the god "Baal of Lebanon," found at Citium, suggests that the city may have belonged to Tyre. And Posidonius, in the first hook of his treaties on Ethics, says that the great proof of the reality of virtue is that Socrates, and Diogenes, and Antisthenes, made great improvement; and the great proof of the reality of vice may be found in the fact of its being opposed to virtue. The Republic (Greek: Πολιτεία) was a work written by Zeno of Citium, the founder of Stoic philosophy at the beginning of the 3rd century BC.
24 Oct 2020.
License.

From each of these men he learned some different aspect and nuance of the life of a philosopher. The wise man will do all things well, He will season his porridge … Zeno of Citium (l.c. and Explanatory Notes, Essential Stoic Philosophy: All In One Stoicism, Zeno of Citium, as quoted by Diogenes Laërtius. Mark, J. J. See if your friends have read any of Zeno of Citium's books. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University and Michigan State University and University of Missouri. Cast in Pushkin museum from original... A bust of Zeno of Citium. To pursue pleasure as the meaning of life, and think that one is living well, is to be no more than an animal or, as Shakespeare later phrases it in Hamlet: What is a man, if his chief good and market of his time be but to sleep and feed? Updates? This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Zeno-of-Citium. However, he deviated from the Cynics in his view that things which are morally indifferent could nevertheless have value to us.

Zeno’s Republic is a utopia whose citizens claim the universe as their home and where everyone lives in accordance with natural laws and rational understanding.

His father was a merchant who travelled often to Athens, and Zeno naturally took up his father’s profession. No, Zeno joined the ranks of the greats when he took the initiative to steal the teachings he regarded as sound and replace the ones he didn’t with his own conclusions. Cite This Work

in Citium, a principal Phoenician city in Cyprus, situated on the southeast coast near modern Larnaca.

— And the unspeculative virtues derive their name from the fact of their not proceeding from any acquiescence reflected by intelligence; but they are derived from others, are only accessories, and are found even in worthless people, as in the case of good health, or courage.

Zeno of Citium, (born c. 335 bce, Citium, Cyprus—died c. 263, Athens), Hellenistic thinker who founded the Stoic school of philosophy, which influenced the development of philosophical and ethical thought in Hellenistic and Roman times.

But these men divided logical and the natural philosophy.

Zeno was very interested in logic and in the way that an argument could be successfully presented. Zeno was so completely captivated by the work that he left his former profession and dedicated himself to the study of philosophy, eventually becoming a teacher himself. And he asserts that virtue is a disposition of the mind always consistent and always harmonious; that one ought to seek it out for its own sake, without being influenced by fear or hope by any external influence. Sure he that made us with such large discourse, looking before and after, gave us not that capability and god-like reason to fust in us unused. According to Diogenes, he charged admission to listen to his discourses in order to reduce the number of people in his audience, and also surrounded himself with beggars to discourage those who were not genuinely interested in what he was teaching. For nature is as it were the artist who produces the inclination. And nature, they say, made no difference originally between plants and animals, for she regulates the life of plants too, in their case without impulse and sensation, just as also certain processes go on of a vegetative kind in us. The Fragments of Zeno and Cleanthes; With Introd. Diogenes reports that he fell as he was leaving his school and broke one of his toes; striking the ground with his hand, he repeated a line out of the Niobe, “I come, why call me so?” and died. in the town of Citium, a Greek colony in Cyprus. "Zeno of Citium."

Citium had a large Phoenician population and there is evidence that Zeno himself was a Phoenician by birth. However, Zeno's philosophy was more of a middle way between the Cynics' complete rejection of society and the later Stoics' obsession with duty. And Archidemus defines it to be living in the discharge of all becoming duties. For they say that pleasure, if there be any such thing at all, is an accessory only, which, nature, having sought it out by itself, as well as these things which are adapted to its constitution, receives incidentally in the same manner as animals are pleased, and plants made to flourish. Zeno of Citium Bustby Wikipedia User: Rama (CC BY-SA). The pursuit of pleasure, as espoused by the Epicurean's philosophy (which sprang from the Cyrenaic School of Aristippus, l. c. 435-356 BCE, another of Socrates' students) could never possibly satisfy a human being because one would always be chasing after what one desired or trying to hold on to what one had already obtained. He was the son of a merchant, possibly of Phoenician heritage (Citium had a large Phoenician population), and plied the trade of merchant himself until the age of 42, when he opened his Stoic school of philosophy in Athens. He was a merchant until he was exposed to the teachings of Socrates (l.c. Zeno of Citium, (born c. 335 bce, Citium, Cyprus—died c. 263, Athens), Hellenistic thinker who founded the Stoic school of philosophy, which influenced the development of philosophical and ethical thought in Hellenistic and Roman times. For they assert that all affairs are looked at by means of that speculation which proceeds by argument, including under this assertion both those that belong to natural aud also those which belong to moral philosophy for, say they, how else could one determine the exact value of nouns, or how else could one explain what laws are imposed upon such and such actions? Mark, J. J.

Born the son of a merchant in Citium, Cyprus, he came to Athens and began to study under Crates of Thebes, the most famous Cynic living at that time in Greece. Zeno was the founder of the Stoic school of philosophy, which he taught in Athens from about 300 BC. Essential Stoic Philosophy: All In One Stoicism, The Cynic Philosophers: From Diogenes to Julian, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Again, Chrysippus, in the first book of his treatise on the Chief Good, and Cleanthes, and also Posidonius in his Exhortations, and Hecaton, all agree that virtue may be taught. He avoided close contact with his audiences.